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The authors prove:  Theorem 1.1: Suppose \\(f(x,y,z)\\) is a nonnegative real quartic form which defines a smooth plane curve \\(Q= \\{(x: y: z)\\in\\mathbb{P}^2(\\mathbb{C}): f(x,y,z)= 0\\}\\). Then the inequivalent representations of \\(f\\) as a sum of three squares (of real quadratic forms) -- modulo the real orthogonal group \\(O(\\mathbb{R}^3)\\) -- are in one-to-one correspondence with the eight 2-torsion points in the non-identity component of \\(J(\\mathbb{R})\\), where \\(J\\) is the Jacobian of \\(Q\\).  The assumptions imply in particular: \\(f\\) is irreducible, \\(Q(\\mathbb{R})= \\emptyset\\), \\(Q\\) has genus 3, \\(J\\) has 63 non-zero complex 2-torsion points. Hilbert's original theorem (i.e. any nonnegative quartic form \\(f\\) is a sum of three squares in at least one way) follows from the above theorem by continuity arguments.   The proof of Theorem 1.1 proceeds in two steps:  (1) The non-trivial 2-torsion points of \\(J(\\mathbb{C})\\) are in one-to-one correspondence with the equivalence classes -- modulo \\(O(\\mathbb{C}^3)\\) -- of representations of \\(f\\) as a sum of three squares of complex quadratic forms. A condensed proof using Weil divisors, the Picard group \\(\\text{Pic}(Q)\\) and the Riemann-Roch Theorem is given in the paper. The result itself goes back to A. B. Coble (1929; JFM 55.0808.02), it was rediscovered by C. T. C. Wall (1991; Zbl 0741.14014).  (2) Show that under (1) the non-trivial 2-torsion points of \\(J(\\mathbb{R})\\) correspond to ``signed quadratic representations'' \\(f=\\pm q^2_1\\pm q^2_2\\pm q^2_3\\) with \\(q_i\\in\\mathbb{R}[x,y,z]\\), and the 2-torsion points in the non-identity component of \\(J(\\mathbb{R})\\) correspond to the representations with \\(+\\) signs. This is the essential new result of the paper. For the proof one needs the following exact sequences  \\[ \\begin{gathered} 0\\to \\text{Pic}(Q_r)\\to \\text{Pic}(Q)@>\\partial>> \\text{Br}(R)\\to \\text{Br}(Q_r),\\\\ 0\\geq J(\\mathbb{R})^0\\to J(\\mathbb{R})@>\\partial>> \\text{Br}(\\mathbb{R})\\to 0,\\end{gathered} \\]  where \\(Q_r\\) is the curve \\(Q\\) as a curve over \\(\\mathbb{R}\\) such that \\(Q= Q_r\\otimes\\mathbb{C}\\).  The first exact sequence follows from Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence for \u00e9tale cohomology, the second sequence follows from a theorem of G. Weichold (1883; JFM 15.0431.01) reproved by Geyer 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