{"entities":{"Q1766867":{"pageid":1777609,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1766867","lastrevid":43314236,"modified":"2025-07-24T15:30:53Z","type":"item","id":"Q1766867","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Fredholm properties of evolution semigroups"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2140262"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$00932C95-A6BA-4A2B-8D96-C90E5A586434","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"9fc319e0ce1fcd3302a20c5fc10849c1e49c1937","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Fredholm properties of evolution semigroups","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$5DE72885-068E-4F39-BA6B-EDC71C772A26","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"f1fd92adcef2152f33cc03706069bad6d4ce6ee6","datavalue":{"value":"1073.34067","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$21A990EF-AB0D-4FE7-AA98-0FE9B8ACEDB2","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0e2dffdec39a95f94d0b2cfb8d82810007b86545","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":379651,"id":"Q379651"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$31F0E43C-AAFB-4123-BE11-205692A16DF4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"785e753b15226f1e3b693f35abb10e469d8f192e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":181874,"id":"Q181874"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$DE2E38EA-7C40-45BD-B271-572E09AE49E5","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c2b9e892f1ffa11a66ee26af1e2c8bc1a173eacc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":226831,"id":"Q226831"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$A021B3F9-3378-4CED-A6D9-9B1E89701D10","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"98babedc0aaf742c2c52517bbf9b1598ad1f8c08","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$92084B3B-D195-46DD-A5FE-977CCA1FB749","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"49586c02ed4147c7dd867986be71ce305f479028","datavalue":{"value":"The authors consider questions related to the linear differential equation  \\[ u'(t)= A(t)u(t) \\]  on a Banach space \\(X\\) in which the operators \\(A(t)\\) might be unbounded. Let \\(\\{U(t,\\tau)\\}_{t\\geq\\tau}\\), \\(t,\\tau\\in\\mathbb{R}\\), denote a strongly continuous exponentially bounded evolution family on \\(X\\). The corresponding evolution semigroup is given by  \\[ (E^t u)(\\tau)= U(\\tau,\\tau- t)u(\\tau- t),\\quad \\tau\\in\\mathbb{R},\\quad t\\geq 0. \\]  They prove that the spectrum and the Fredholm spectrum for the evolution semigroup are the same. (The Fredholm spectrum of an operator \\(A\\) is given by \\(\\{X \\in\\mathbb{C}: \\lambda- A\\) is not Fredholm\\}.) It is also proven through the use of the Kato lower bound that the range of \\(E^t- I\\) being closed and the range of \\(\\mathbb{G}\\) being closed are equivalent properties, where \\(\\mathbb{G}\\) denotes the evolution semigroup generator. (The Kato lower bound \\(\\gamma(T)\\) for a closed operator \\(T\\) is given by  \\[ \\gamma(T)= \\inf_{\\substack{ x\\in\\text{dom}(T)\\\\ Tx\\neq 0}} {\\| Tx\\|\\over \\text{dist}(x,\\ker T)}. \\]  It follows that \\(\\gamma(T)> 0\\) if and only if the range of \\(T\\) is closed.) Similar results are proven for evolution semigroups acting on spaces of periodic \\(X\\)-valued functions and also for those acting on spaces of \\(X\\)-valued functions on the half-line.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$F038E5D3-90B9-4A70-880D-3F2E3E7CBEA7","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"c6942fa3191fd82d0c1521b325c8c331f38d71e5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":500308,"id":"Q500308"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$E3AFA8B1-C030-4A37-BA2B-D305F5CC2C1B","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"19916a4b7396326f5206d6c0412dfa372255eebb","datavalue":{"value":"34G10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$F96105EE-AF85-400B-82ED-2A8FF9F9FBEE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ce5de759d72115c272099fac8ad1899bb78f2f1e","datavalue":{"value":"47D06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$83B6BAC5-D3C4-4923-9FBC-FCC2117FDD83","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"1ec63a1fd60dc1a4ac7f8ddafc49f18d8874c310","datavalue":{"value":"2140262","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$81AB4486-F2F3-42C1-A307-A4377745B20F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"841207cb53325dbc412822593e1c8848a85fb6f5","datavalue":{"value":"evolution semigroup","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$F97CDB0F-E007-4C26-92EA-6ABC55B695F8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f499971506bb7d13eebf3a41582911b6f7a30bdf","datavalue":{"value":"spectrum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$ACFA17B9-5687-41DE-9FC3-D32C1E489CCD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1d913c79b9c814ad33483d2fe6bb6988dccc9f60","datavalue":{"value":"Kato lower bound","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$79973C91-E995-47A6-8233-F19D91E0ED1E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1766867$43AE9B19-81BF-4667-9ADD-F8407A534782","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a5d17ea3153f1c2a42969c2f9555e16e7b95ae4e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1891781,"id":"Q1891781"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"59760fd4808eb56449a23c3280ed0cc1864c3d32","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8922611","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1766867$93735B59-4C04-43E7-A34F-F2C4AEF1E0A0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6968e3ba6d887c9f120f9ecedc1323f2f60681b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1916797,"id":"Q1916797"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f2f0c6b8f074ed2b19a7383dbfccc88fa22c485f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8908702","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1766867$21BEAAE0-90E6-47B4-B5F7-C39D2C20737A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"66fe01602167782ef3b00a07ec2e427cf42b54af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5287544,"id":"Q5287544"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"28fbfe74863aabf07545ce6f026a6cd453604b8d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88775754","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1766867$467061E6-E2CA-46E2-BFCA-280E186781B7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d9ca28b3da753cdc1884646b272854acfa3a2041","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2342981,"id":"Q2342981"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5bdd1ffe130ab93b984accb30a9f7c153d9c7e95","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88582647","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1766867$983A70C8-DB02-4AF9-8E1C-9A001FD4E829","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"31d43ab75cdae0a84dc306ea86bcef2450f39e41","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5457645,"id":"Q5457645"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"30e655377fcec01bbe0f49c786921dae021a4101","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8821688","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1766867$57AC6B75-8D73-40B4-9633-5190E2ED6C39","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e9e344fda03f05f5086752ef3a768ccc7171e961","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2701314,"id":"Q2701314"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"894eb7684bebccb7eda609e6ad90938259f18265","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8815807","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1766867$884E77D0-9A31-4C0E-918B-42B55754E0D0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4b090df324392df79089ef838a0f3b0153a4d027","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4894905,"id":"Q4894905"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"aec795b9405445be739cdeef20f17051ed219baf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.87964857","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1766867$5305A3C5-1B14-4D2E-B02C-0579329FCFD9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5537e4f613274f7d935789c67833ffc661bec3e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1822029,"id":"Q1822029"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"91d9f7af43d4887d3867597d81ba1eb4d4f6df5d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8791318","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1766867$68CD77BF-C272-4A8D-9D02-F4FEC7177B84","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8164f49da32a196a479ed6cc6ed16f0d3b104efb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4258125,"id":"Q4258125"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c45019e279c1803b1389283badf40b2dd3f4c5c6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.87825537","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1766867$CB3FAF35-1AF8-4E2B-A305-6AF220A447AB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"59191a19092daea83a05eb14993a7ebd0ef97d4a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":743896,"id":"Q743896"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"605bc32ff14fe35b832e71f9f087cbf9f18afcf5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8781101","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1766867$327DD42A-61CE-4426-B649-9796FA6227C9","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1766867","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1766867"}}}}}