{"entities":{"Q1767816":{"pageid":1778558,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1767816","lastrevid":73859295,"modified":"2026-04-14T17:31:26Z","type":"item","id":"Q1767816","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The limit circle and limit point criteria for second-order linear difference equations"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2142361"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$1BA37DFC-9D01-4EE2-924D-3803C8C1595A","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"c6a6390917bc7ffd8c3dda6e9e05e24f26489479","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The limit circle and limit point criteria for second-order linear difference equations","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$ACFACF0F-6AFF-49E0-9FE3-F9476A5E76ED","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"62e628dc98ffb6be3034f4b0d74a2ad8ecd3b5f9","datavalue":{"value":"1073.39011","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$FBC8D834-8E81-4EEC-A8FE-09489D65ECE3","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"4670eb5cc576bc3e47169d7ba159ce178f82cca7","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0898-1221(04)90080-6","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$8F3D80F1-DB48-410C-9439-918B232E0849","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2996178a6a01c7709a9e70cd807d695305880a5d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1767815,"id":"Q1767815"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$FDFB9F4F-066F-4FFF-9D34-8E82F56F1906","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6c599fbddb0882a121b696723e896869875f290c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171513,"id":"Q171513"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$BBB14106-790B-4FE0-A76C-061E7C286F54","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"bd47d06c0da02a3275cef5e1a053a13d04438c27","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-03-08T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$19CEBB31-A781-4EC1-A740-E1D4219F7A74","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"3cc73c85f77a6a95550db005ae1d0e1e5b129487","datavalue":{"value":"The following second-order difference equation is considered  \\[ -c_n u_{n+1}- c_{n-1} u_{n-1}+ b_n u_n= \\lambda a_n u_n,\\quad n\\in [0,+\\infty),\\tag{1} \\]  where \\([0,\\infty)= \\{n\\}^\\infty_{n=0}\\{b_n\\}^\\infty_0\\) is a real sequence, and the real sequences \\(\\{c_n\\}^\\infty_{-1}\\) and \\(\\{a_n\\}^\\infty_0\\) satisfy \\(c_n\\neq 0\\). Equation (1) is called of limit point type if for some \\(\\lambda\\in \\mathbb{C}\\) there is a solution \\(u\\) of (1) which is not in \\(l^2_a(0,\\infty)\\); otherwise equation (1) is called of limit circle type, where \\(l^2_a(0,\\infty)\\) is the Hilbert space  \\[ l^2_a(0,\\infty)= \\Biggl\\{u: u=\\{u_n\\}^\\infty_{-1}\\subset\\mathbb{C}\\text{ and }\\sum^\\infty_{n=0} a_n|u_n|^2< \\infty\\Biggr\\} \\]  with the inner product \\(\\langle u,v\\rangle= \\sum^\\infty_{n=0} a_n\\overline v_n u_n\\). Several necessary and sufficient conditions are established for limit point and limit circle type.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$DD71B25A-1FE7-4AA9-A361-D84693641739","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"73ebab35bb6145d0bbf43fde2d2043397406e815","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":468208,"id":"Q468208"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$3C93BB46-C1A0-4137-966D-AD90F9068E67","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"41193c7d91d7d314290451f86c60070bef0e9755","datavalue":{"value":"39A12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$81C14173-D972-48C7-8319-F047D83A2F37","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"da4a17a2ec9f7bbeb82810a73a3bc12e94601b52","datavalue":{"value":"34C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$65687936-EE87-425B-9129-2DF21D401035","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"421d516a3ecbca81d2d874fee8426f9ea8efb244","datavalue":{"value":"2142361","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$F6E0CEED-04BE-426B-93EE-C88EFAE42117","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6cda58a709ec6a707cee65c86b293fd99f1114c1","datavalue":{"value":"Second-order linear difference equation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$334BDF9C-87A6-4674-935E-72144EC3E1E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7c88b4a409fa013c73d6be58a9506c8db62216b3","datavalue":{"value":"Limit circle type","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$93575D28-164D-47D7-BEA0-81750FF1E830","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cc8e1b4fe9962fc6fc7ec39379457a2e4834bc2b","datavalue":{"value":"Limit point type","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$5C7FF2A7-C372-40F2-BE2D-4880644BC604","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$7B807099-3F0F-4D3F-BF84-76C6A5BF4410","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"99b52fde4c74cbbd1a65c6e0dad9aa2e6191bf24","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5570370,"id":"Q5570370"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$9A2F2F57-6DBC-4091-BA25-37FA2D09612F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5bb99ce11991cc42adb9ac4eb0979571e29796dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3279399,"id":"Q3279399"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$E92090FE-2A57-4BD6-819C-FE29058A1233","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7aa8479b4d69c282a9bf98f1ac903e5b41049a9a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5825343,"id":"Q5825343"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$AC366F81-8F87-43F0-8B25-7FC9F70385EF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d9932000c15c0c019583170615f8e91cd2d5539b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5804403,"id":"Q5804403"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$A7872275-0036-4696-8FBF-826B2F38A526","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9ddc3035c4c0999fec504d32a65b2dfe47efae18","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3223171,"id":"Q3223171"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$3F2086CB-F56A-4D15-B9B3-27FA8289FEEF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6d4eea01b8f1fa477896dc8749628df1371b72d5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5336643,"id":"Q5336643"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$AE85AEED-C1AB-4595-9F89-605424EB3A6A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7701071b514808d4310bba79acbd9c2d140c2486","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2625911,"id":"Q2625911"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$D6091305-E7AB-4E8B-866D-674B9FA409B5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7556b98327f061823c262bc8c0ddab4df8182e99","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1242251,"id":"Q1242251"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$FF0E9238-A6DA-402A-AE5F-EF30367A9305","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"58d0dde21d6659c2603c7ccaf232cb69b14ccb14","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1157709,"id":"Q1157709"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$9369BC78-A94C-4F98-86C4-BEA6448E1A28","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3e6c05f81b8d8ddf27ea537a747af923ce9d2547","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4732730,"id":"Q4732730"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$18418DFF-931C-48B5-9809-570219E20A5E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c9350f54d666ec0c05be651d3e840df8e8d45b65","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1251767,"id":"Q1251767"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$78BE9A91-EFE2-426A-8527-1E17DCE08AFF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bb1896fa9ae290efc50a919c2697fffe2e4fb963","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3961904,"id":"Q3961904"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$855D7F87-6885-4E12-BB58-3AC4D579BBDB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"97a4739fb6686eefe61bd92db46915d31b606c42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4326222,"id":"Q4326222"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$864FAD1D-BD8C-4642-BF9A-737F2C0F29B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fa8be8d92a480aeced5fb30f2eaf82846f6827fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1916714,"id":"Q1916714"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$736741DA-B257-4296-8AFB-0AFF5235845E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1bcea6de3066ccd18a083b803f11b6d49c87be1d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4265267,"id":"Q4265267"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$7AA0D8EB-F9B7-4A88-BBCE-0DF44140067E","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"293935db3834ff8b5d542ae1771b7c6cb66baa38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":85551,"id":"Q85551"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1767816$F5739574-ED40-41F6-A368-5E68FBDBC549","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"16647f08f18d7a09340641607a049513deb4d745","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2426046,"id":"Q2426046"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"665965e847a67b60a21ae35eea936233cec916e0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9027462601661682","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1767816$5C1E147B-DD0D-473A-AC55-0AB36715AAE7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f4ef65c71de8c0f298ece2c23d128a66ecf50d98","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3814062,"id":"Q3814062"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5ff42e6e1b94739e7c554e5b73ee91e49e40063b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8383080363273621","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1767816$9A075BDD-183E-4619-8DC8-0818E826755F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"acbdceb133b443be0120dbf0a40d339cff6478bb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":657162,"id":"Q657162"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0c23f021c9f4e8f74d5345e164768e1e82a4b8aa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8247163891792297","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1767816$8D34BB55-B14A-44B0-A435-0907DDF948D6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4d6429555fcaab3f2fad7b8a529d6603ba70680d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":442893,"id":"Q442893"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"662d8925d831f47feebfc2a678e5d390c36fd114","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8125710487365723","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1767816$3DF31613-C6C1-4D80-B440-A49BD5FCB583","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"db13b5a488cd3df02a484e0ea09269ed4c85c31c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4025695,"id":"Q4025695"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b0987ef715cb0b4e3159bb923c85e75a2e4c4c8f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.811176061630249","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1767816$05B21908-6FCF-408E-A185-3DB7B725899B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The limit circle and limit point criteria for second-order linear difference equations","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/The_limit_circle_and_limit_point_criteria_for_second-order_linear_difference_equations"}}}}}