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The author introduces the gap \\(d(V,W)\\) between two closed convex sets \\(V,W\\):   \\[ d(V,W)= \\max (\\eta(V,W),\\eta(W,V)), \\]   with \\( \\eta(V,W):= \\sup \\{ \\frac{\\text{dist} \\, (x,W)}{\\| x \\|} : x \\in V, \\, x \\neq 0 \\}\\), \\( \\eta( \\{ 0 \\},W) := 0.\\) He pays special attention to the cases in which either \\(V = \\text{Ker}(T)\\) and \\(W=\\text{Ker}(\\overline{T})\\) or \\(V = R(T)\\) and \\(W=\\overline{R(\\overline{T})}\\), where \\(T \\in L(E,F)\\) has closed range and \\(\\overline{T} = T + A\\) is the perturbed of \\(T\\) by an \\(A \\in L(E,F)\\). The notion of {inverse generalized} is also treated in the paper (\\(S \\in L(F,E)\\) is said to be a generalized inverse of \\(T\\) if \\(TST = T\\) and \\(STS = S\\)). It is shown that:   {If \\(T\\) has a generalized inverse \\(S\\) such that either} \\(\\dim \\text{Ker}(T) = \\dim \\text{Ker}(\\overline{T}) < \\infty\\) {or} \\(R(\\overline{T}) \\cap \\text{Ker}(S) = \\{ 0 \\}\\), {one verifies the following:}  (1) If \\(\\| S A \\| <1\\), then \\(d(\\text{Ker}(T),\\text{Ker}(\\overline{T})) \\leq \\| S A\\|\\).   (2) If either \\(\\| S A \\| <1\\) or \\(\\| A S \\| < 1\\), then  (2.1) \\(d(R(T),\\overline{R(\\overline{T})}) \\leq \\| S \\| \\, \\| A \\|\\),  (2.2) \\(\\overline{S}:= (I_E+ S A)^{-1} S\\) is a generalized inverse of \\(\\overline{T}\\) with \\(\\| \\overline{S} \\| = \\| S \\|\\), \\(\\| \\overline{S} A \\| = \\| S A \\|\\) and \\(\\| A \\overline{S} \\| = \\| A S \\|\\).  These results are used in the last section to study the gap between the sets of solutions \\(X(T,b):= \\{ x \\in E: T(x) = b \\}\\) and \\(X(\\overline{T},\\overline{b}):= \\{ x \\in E: \\overline{T}(x) = \\overline{b} \\}\\) of the operator equations \\(T(x) = b\\) and \\(\\overline{T}(x) = \\overline{b}\\) (\\(b \\in R(T) \\setminus \\{ 0 \\}\\), \\(\\overline{b} \\in R(\\overline{T}) \\setminus \\{ 0 \\}\\)). It is proved:  If \\(T\\) has a generalized inverse \\(S\\) such that either \\(\\dim \\text{Ker}(T) = \\dim \\text{Ker}(\\overline{T}) < \\infty\\) or \\(R(\\overline{T}) \\cap \\text{Ker}(S) = \\{ 0 \\}\\), then \\(d((X(T,b),X(\\overline{T},\\overline{b})) \\leq \\| S \\| \\, \\| A \\|\\) (when additionally \\(\\| S \\| \\, \\| A \\| <1\\) and \\(\\| \\overline{b} - b \\| / \\| b \\| \\leq \\| A \\| / \\| T \\|\\)), and \\(d((X(T,b),X(\\overline{T},\\overline{b})) \\leq \\| S \\, A \\|\\) (when additionally \\(\\| S \\, A \\| < 1\\) and \\(\\overline{b} - b \\in \\text{Ker}(S)\\)).  It would be interesting, for a future work, to investigate the possible applications of the theory developed in the paper to some types of operator equations appearing in practical problems, for instance, to \\(p\\)-adic differential 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