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Thus \\(\\mathcal{G}_F\\) reflects the properties of \\(F\\) that depends on the behaviour of quadratic forms over \\(F.\\)   In the paper by the second author and \\textit{M. Spira} [Math. Z. 205, No. 4, 519--530 (1990; Zbl 0692.12005)] it was shown that there is a 1-1 correspondence between orderings of the field \\(F\\) and certain involutions in \\(\\mathcal{G}_F.\\) Such an involution generates a two-element subgroup \\(H\\) of \\(\\mathcal{G}_F\\) for which we have \\(\\Phi(\\mathcal{G}_F)\\cap H=\\{1\\}=\\Phi(H)\\), where \\(\\Phi(\\mathcal{G}_F)\\) and \\(\\Phi(H)\\) denote the Frattini subgroups of \\(\\mathcal{G}_F\\) and \\(H,\\) respectively. As the authors acknowledged, this fact motivated them to consider so called essential subgroups. A closed subgroup \\(H\\) of \\(\\mathcal{G}_F\\) is an essential subgroup if \\(\\Phi(H)=\\Phi(\\mathcal{G}_F)\\cap H\\) (for any closed subgroup \\(H\\) we have only inclusion \\(\\Phi(H)\\subseteq \\Phi(\\mathcal{G}_F)\\cap H\\)) and two essential subgroups \\(H_1, H_2\\) are equivalent if \\(H_1\\Phi(\\mathcal{G}_F)=H_2\\Phi(\\mathcal{G}_F).\\) Thus a two-element subgroup \\(H\\) corresponds to an ordering if and only if \\(H\\) is essential. An ordering is a subgroup of \\(\\dot{F}/\\dot{F}^2\\), so there is a 1-1 correspondence between two-element essential subgroups of \\(\\mathcal{G}_F\\) and certain subgroups of \\(\\dot{F}/\\dot{F}^2.\\) Surprisingly, as the authors point out, it generalizes to the following: for a closed subgroup \\(H\\) of \\(\\mathcal{G}_F\\), the assignment \\(H\\mapsto P_H:=\\{a\\in\\dot{F}\\mid (\\sqrt{a})^\\sigma=\\sqrt{a}\\), \\(\\forall \\sigma\\in H\\}\\) induces a 1-1 correspondence between equivalence classes of essential subgroups of \\(\\mathcal{G}_F\\) and subgroups of \\(\\dot{F}/\\dot{F}^2.\\) For an essential subgroup \\(H\\) of \\(\\mathcal{G}_F\\) the authors refer to \\(P_H\\) as an \\(H-\\)ordering on \\(F.\\)   The main aim of the paper is to examine the connection between the Galois-theoretic properties of an essential subgroup \\(H\\) and the algebraic properties of the corresponding \\(H\\)-ordering. Let \\((F,T)\\) be a field with an \\(H\\)-ordering \\(T.\\) The pair \\((L,S)\\) is said to be a \\(T-\\)extension if \\(L\\) is an extension field of \\(F\\) in the maximal Galois 2-extension \\(F(2)\\) of \\(F\\), \\(S\\) is a subgroup of \\(\\dot{L}\\), \\(T=S\\cap \\dot{F}\\), and the induced injection \\(\\dot{F}/T\\rightarrow \\dot{L}/S\\) is an isomorphism. An extension \\((L,S)\\) of \\((F,T)\\) is said to be an \\(H-\\)extension if \\(S\\) is an \\(H-\\)ordering of \\(L.\\) An extension \\((L,S)\\) of \\((F,T)\\) is called an \\(H-\\)closure if it is a maximal \\(T\\)-extension which is also an \\(H\\)-extension.   The paper is organized in the following way. The authors start with the description of all possible two-generator essential subgroups of W-groups. Next they give a Galois-theoretic characterization of two important additive properties of \\(H\\)-orderings: stability under addition and ridigity, which generalize the results on ridigity and on realizability of certain Galois groups obtained by the last two authors in [J. Algebra 137, 1--11 (1991; Zbl 0726.12002)]. In the next section existence and nonexistence of \\(H-\\)closures is discussed.   Although not every \\(H\\)-ordering admits \\(H\\)-closure, it is shown that for essential subgroups generated by two elements it is possible to make closures. The last part of the paper contains classification of rigid \\(H\\)-orderings and construction of their 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