{"entities":{"Q1774205":{"pageid":1784947,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1774205","lastrevid":57550923,"modified":"2026-03-31T09:04:21Z","type":"item","id":"Q1774205","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Mass extinctions: an alternative to the Allee effect"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2162815"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$EDFF3222-0B63-4DD3-8D46-102B5C414BD2","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"4e7b3492d801cbef18836b59bbf32afecd39840c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Mass extinctions: an alternative to the Allee effect","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$10E6834B-17A7-417C-BFF2-927116460B65","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"24857c97c581c5826824f6e66a37b828c3ae35c6","datavalue":{"value":"1076.60087","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$0F45EEA6-A0C2-4951-B5E4-5632FAA74DA7","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"7e488a5eca33f757d3b0b75c9ba34f770d71cd5d","datavalue":{"value":"10.1214/105051604000000819","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$B53D1BF1-7C59-4292-92C5-4FB8498B56C3","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1990725a427bd21ec69f9ea35796e73847b45bcf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":230583,"id":"Q230583"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$65AB2D63-16FF-4CEB-BBBD-10958F0F8083","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e04a4b352e727282a8f30f5809a3df145fda07dd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":81240,"id":"Q81240"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$3915D9A0-DCC1-4D6C-9590-BE1088A6C3E7","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"cfdd76c6ace7e0d57b8524faf2ffe47b441fd852","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-04-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$A1E078EF-75CA-4965-889A-0E6544C5B8CE","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"c287029899f02ad90f81e720db33904fe4a37f65","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0503525","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$1C988962-C705-4913-A2F0-E376B077BC41","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"18813dd492d142b2793db392891b442517d0b872","datavalue":{"value":"The author introduces a mathematical model to explain the extinction or near extinction of animals such as passenger pigeons which apparently remain in large flocks almost to their end. This model is an alternative to the main mass extinction theory proposed in ecology, the so-called Allee effect: it describes a positive relationship between population density and the per capita growth rate; in other words, for smaller populations, the reproduction and survival of individuals decreases, see \\textit{W. C. Allee} [``Animal aggregation. A study in general sociology'' (Chicago, 1931)] and \\textit{P. A. Stephens}, \\textit{W. J. Sutherland} and \\textit{R. Freckleton} [Oikos 87, 185--190 (1999)]. The author proposes a mathematical model that, at least in theory, shows that animals living in large flocks are more susceptible to mass extinctions than animals living in small flocks. If the maximum flock size is above a certain threshold, then the population is certain to become extinct, while if the maximum flock size is below the threshold, there is a strictly positive probability that the population will survive. The described model extends the model of \\textit{T. M. Liggett} [``Stochastic interacting systems: Contact, voter and exclusion processes'' (1999; Zbl 0949.60006)] for a contact process.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$65903548-CAC4-4F6B-9E30-41B030BE5695","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"950e0d8f6adaf61c39cece7b162a00a2bfa52659","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":705808,"id":"Q705808"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$6D739E70-BE3C-4D7E-BD7E-523C3091FAB8","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7fdc23c20020356aaedd36d12d09aa94bd3b098e","datavalue":{"value":"60K35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$6A5751B7-4254-473C-B628-5588E0D974C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8dce91b45aae56da74aca9c1ed1bc5361b215565","datavalue":{"value":"92D25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$74140805-0A6B-48D5-AE6E-E1B549CC5F58","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"bfb336a84d9916369ac2ec4adcdf085c5ff620d8","datavalue":{"value":"2162815","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$CFCC322D-62EA-47B2-BE33-79EF7993283E","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ae4743fb90a3e2e110d3abfb6cc064b8aca42abc","datavalue":{"value":"spatial stochastic model","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$5742E1C2-F3AB-4E5E-804D-748CC685D939","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"10b15054b0d75d4a74bd5f891521a3ebe980878f","datavalue":{"value":"contact process","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$83650AF3-2278-48F4-8AC3-A9BB6BF3DC1E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$9A83CD0D-C630-4632-B75B-F721330AC3FD","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"f7c752b5f3e358b8e57d719f532734f6a497a91c","datavalue":{"value":"W1967024637","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$68E03B92-7D0E-4E68-8571-51B01F19CABE","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"5d09d36a8ace1f8b61d9894107b78080ffec95a2","datavalue":{"value":"Q114135209","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$9E70073C-80FF-4F04-819B-78B04E8AEEBC","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"315c79d59db251910e5a0a31f0a10cfdb967dc3b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4844601,"id":"Q4844601"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$29473F02-9C39-420E-B334-33517A9EE7B8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3e4273dab0e29c5bffc9e892e71f3bacf98edfc8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5185817,"id":"Q5185817"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$B2566071-9F47-4EAE-B0AA-0D673CE8C9F9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a6c61ab27b41c38c660004636d1737a95813b4c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4265490,"id":"Q4265490"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$FCE69FE2-0AA5-4C6D-841C-5E617243CD20","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fa1379d6df421e1eec6f91019a541d98e3824a6c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1872236,"id":"Q1872236"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$D32D64B2-E35E-4CCF-851B-0373631BDE13","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6e27f1a9b1a15b7eaf36ee32a9d135a08fcda4dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1427310,"id":"Q1427310"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1774205$06E2E792-72D2-4F7B-A02C-A278D50255FA","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"19e0289c3816a2f18683eb136aaa3fb1d02f662a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3645049,"id":"Q3645049"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c8f4fac2ef8cfca6a323168c4cc4ee749f088326","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8221045","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1774205$41BE033D-6DFB-42CB-8984-BFE99E1169AB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ebd40ca709d40bf700a954f61846008bb601f076","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":417078,"id":"Q417078"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4806f660e45b0480e166b767939a9b876d1cc81e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.82100785","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1774205$D020C713-3B48-40E4-86A9-2F8060B8EFFD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b3feedb8151dd18f550a1ba7c62c9437836bb42e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":776461,"id":"Q776461"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"296e98c75cba355e899419f5ab938f00c18d4c8a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8107642","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1774205$FD42C657-3FB0-4E56-8169-85ED4076621B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cd0b06f903a5c0e9b340b9eccae4303b613c34c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":935962,"id":"Q935962"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"914dcbf242eeeefb0f5b265216322bd9c790a252","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.80884767","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1774205$9D9FA9A9-F1CB-4686-BF65-C90B12093C03","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bbccbb0b743ff7102e509fc7ce9eb016b2f316ee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2239289,"id":"Q2239289"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2b107a5175e86c3b42cf60163eb114978badfdbd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8072742","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1774205$75AF2FE7-C4C1-4759-ADA3-97E77EE5DCBE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d40c48e7d1a656335d79956d8f1c0c46125cd1b7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1381557,"id":"Q1381557"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b20ccba0374df9b4ced4422d205fdb1412efee20","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8067185","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1774205$AA3777EF-265C-40D0-A535-9832FE7E75E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"15d473a4ea99a7799a884f1170117fb66165a897","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2277401,"id":"Q2277401"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ed8d398a5840a3599c24f560925925e2b45f9376","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8048631","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1774205$82AF2A8D-BD6E-492F-BFC3-2F612B5B290C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d1a50e30055fcaf0739f4e561904b18881114763","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3184913,"id":"Q3184913"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9df097ba5eacfb71c34ba10c913f5e4624810e29","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8022925","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1774205$B4614917-03EC-49E2-998B-020BC689C541","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"02b5d5f1eda26699ffa71e88b4b6d195bba28585","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3094489,"id":"Q3094489"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ce433f43739b9308aa37eac7bc0156f4637a83e8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7999015","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1774205$F8DE9717-A540-40A3-96C6-B7F9F9DA06A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"33bb415495adebfc220184414c3276218f29f236","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5369223,"id":"Q5369223"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c722a10b6caf3b0ae804d55ae059382450a3a756","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7965183","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1774205$87472AF9-395C-45CC-8C93-8165688AED0D","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1774205","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1774205"}}}}}