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The main result is that they must be isomorphic to one of the groups \\(\\mathbb{A}_5\\), \\(\\mathbb{A}_5\\times \\mathbb{Z}_2\\), \\(\\mathbb{A}_5^*\\times_Z \\mathbb{A}_5^*\\), \\(\\mathbb{A}_5^*\\times_Z \\mathbb{S}_4^*\\), \\(\\mathbb{A}_5^*\\times_Z \\mathbb{A}_4^*\\), \\(\\mathbb{A}_5^*\\times_Z \\mathbb{D}_{4n}^*\\), \\(\\mathbb{A}_5^*\\times_Z \\mathbb{Z}_{2n}^*\\), \\(\\mathbb{A}_5^*\\times_Z Q(8n,k,l)\\), or \\(\\mathbb{A}_5^*\\times_Z (\\mathbb{D}_{4n}^*\\times \\mathbb{Z}_k)\\) (with restrictions on \\(n\\), \\(k\\), and \\(\\ell\\) in some of the cases). Here, \\(G\\times_ZH\\) means the central product obtained by identifying the centers of the two groups. In all cases \\(Z\\cong \\mathbb{Z}_2\\), and except for the first two cases, \\(G\\) and \\(H\\) appear in Milnor's well-known list of groups with periodic cohomology of period four and satisfying certain other necessary conditions to act freely on a homology \\(3\\)-sphere. In most but not all cases of the main result, it is known that the group does act on some homology \\(3\\)-sphere.  The proof proceeds by using topological information to obtain various group-theoretic restrictions on \\(G\\), and then utilizing the theory of finite groups to find all groups satisfying them. The paper continues earlier work of \\textit{M. Reni} [J. London Math. Soc. (2) 63, No.1, 226--246 (2001; Zbl 1012.57025)]. In further work with M. Mecchia, [\\textit{M. Mecchia} and \\textit{B. Zimmermann}, Math. Z. 248, No. 4, 675--693 (2004; Zbl 1063.57017)], the author has obtained similar results for actions on \\(\\mathbb{Z}_2\\)-homology \\(3\\)-spheres. For that more general case, the list of groups that can act is quite a bit 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