{"entities":{"Q1781915":{"pageid":1792657,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1781915","lastrevid":71248014,"modified":"2026-04-13T20:58:25Z","type":"item","id":"Q1781915","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The congruence of a matrix with its transpose"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2174569"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$48F14D9D-6AF4-4872-BFDD-2A268A5861A2","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"182e3e1999b868ba4df1fbbbd725e636666fbcbc","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The congruence of a matrix with its transpose","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$8AFD5738-8A0E-4086-A311-1C4C194407C8","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a811fbd4c6865915ed889b5d0e2029765a7a24e0","datavalue":{"value":"1072.15014","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$35BC2892-3BA7-4572-B498-4DD4C16B8E27","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"b5919ec3bb5921e94b19bdb6eb17c80663217847","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF03323020","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$CF5B2A1F-CD9A-4370-B136-D49EB5ECFABB","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"717d0e119016e7612b40aaac0ef743800fda9519","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1411555,"id":"Q1411555"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$56DA862C-C9BE-48E5-BE77-5163E98E131B","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"12982252bdbf08365fdfe453232fb6e734596979","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":189241,"id":"Q189241"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$49BBEE96-AEC2-4BD6-8C72-2777D01BA504","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"ce57d70a75dd4551033850269d3a862556d05764","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-06-09T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$9D904FAB-6914-4734-B77E-D9E259D3F604","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"4d3035bc660fe07259667ee9844ff7c9ac6f4233","datavalue":{"value":"For a square matrix \\(A\\) over any field \\(F\\) it was proved recently that \\(A\\) is congruent to its transpose \\(A^t\\), in the sense that \\(P^{t}AP=A^t\\), for some nonsingular matrix \\(P\\). For bilinear forms it means that any bilinear form \\(b(x,y)\\) on a finite-dimensional vector space is equivalent to its transposed form \\(b(y,x)\\). All proofs of the congruence result are based mostly on the modern theory of general bilinear forms developed by \\textit{C. Riehm} [J. Algebra 31, 45--66 (1974; Zbl 0283.15016)].   Here, a short review of the Riehm's theory is presented and a new proof of the above mentioned congruence result is derived. Then, this result is applied to the theory of rings to show that certain rings \\(R\\) are isomorphic to its opposite \\(R^o\\) or equivalently that \\(R\\) possess an antiautomorphism.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$590B0C4D-892D-4F77-9AB1-190DEFEFBF1A","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"86467c42076cd02d03efdb91299b004ea1185418","datavalue":{"value":"15A21","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$3C539769-7A88-4E68-AA3B-13F8A5960D53","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5aff12e0aaa0e845f49257674dee6d6b35fe2903","datavalue":{"value":"15A63","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$09879E1C-929D-4C10-BC88-C75D6D75660C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"a8f74757439887f0075c854dcbcaafb7c648fea1","datavalue":{"value":"2174569","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$5A6ED8FC-EBFE-4327-9B16-45CF4A64C480","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"831ea6c4184464373f99f3ef6c81298087d4dce0","datavalue":{"value":"congruence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$5E9E68FA-4332-4664-8F77-53986E10AADF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5f8da5a55c35aad8a3a90bcc75929cd32e3f908b","datavalue":{"value":"bilinear forms","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$981125F7-0148-4BBE-BA50-1284035088D8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c38dac0f955e2d8088333461bbdc8629441c4821","datavalue":{"value":"transpose","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$A014F874-DE38-47F8-9C40-E8622B36B518","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"602f84174811d5e8b9c4d524d242a494a9644445","datavalue":{"value":"rings","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$B186D16B-CC32-40AB-8C27-0D8E63A487E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"17736c2552e69d8dff40187c2f8ecb363e50f601","datavalue":{"value":"antiautomorphism","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$A73C9B4E-CE30-442E-846A-DAD9B03362AF","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$73B4EE4F-56C8-4914-ACC1-877AC2561B35","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9b90dd9f2a58b752b72208e2592d0028eb7ebe8b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5283911,"id":"Q5283911"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$E4CCC5AA-213E-4C37-A0D0-176438F3BA3D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"413db5f40f9397e1eff1384b85cb8372ab2c73c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1585309,"id":"Q1585309"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$DD3A1F2E-558C-4128-839B-E0D7F52E3F0B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3d887dbc20045ad175a215349a6a68ef0bea333a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1585310,"id":"Q1585310"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$002690A4-7173-4A5C-A0BC-74CEAF78EB8C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f7839b1f7a8e387b6d32b9c3a654de026b20c0ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5956881,"id":"Q5956881"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$BE86FBA1-FACE-45E7-9505-ABC61A0A61A4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1ed92adeb5a6f79cfb8a8c16feafc85db9f5fde4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1858246,"id":"Q1858246"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$3673654C-4BED-449F-B135-A493A0F289F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6a2dbfe8f5e5a27e9c77608cf9cb9abcff031582","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1843475,"id":"Q1843475"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$E7407A73-7DB8-4570-927B-3FC5AD9E94E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"deca1de092f2d06036a10c4dc4db914fcfbd5445","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1897542,"id":"Q1897542"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$AF64C247-EF95-4DA3-A564-0CA171886925","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7e6e30cf70c14f125fe20f9d049cf01382df1d88","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3869469,"id":"Q3869469"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$AD696F87-35E4-4CA9-B392-79AB676F30B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"55f63aa190596f5f038c76fee579c3a35ac46998","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4771385,"id":"Q4771385"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$8CF05EDD-C637-4C85-8F4A-AD9E4DFECF79","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5c645676a5d016d0a176542c117b98c163b9538a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1844278,"id":"Q1844278"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$C3633EE2-2374-4F13-8878-55FC89CF2CA4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8ed2d68df30f2873d9a41c01aad79d6c12745ae8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4540930,"id":"Q4540930"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$069713D4-55B5-4F05-93C9-6BB56E12B650","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8c2c5b32e8c10d13fef21c512e5016ae94eedf10","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1158456,"id":"Q1158456"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$C616487B-BD0C-4B5F-A4BC-64BCF9076092","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"baf87aafd2d65a2f8d34229a0e85a8c75920ff19","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3708857,"id":"Q3708857"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$C368585B-BFD0-47F4-821A-D5E2B7D10137","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8a4a5ec4de151ae94c5e8eb93abe9ea2d29a7e8e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1344092,"id":"Q1344092"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$7C0CBFA5-9320-4B98-B69C-26978C017795","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"060bd22d7248fb9303e7916419ec8890b001b577","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1840593,"id":"Q1840593"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$C768FB5F-FC33-44B7-ABF8-DFAC5ECB2047","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5a85388078a43d3aafc980582e6b0261cfb54f92","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1411556,"id":"Q1411556"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$E7899473-5517-4442-888D-606E8C926829","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4cfe2b952261e6e30471f5c9fe0f79d8b8fb6196","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1159252,"id":"Q1159252"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$D3BBFB47-EC14-4E43-BF3C-EC86896766E4","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a9d4cc82718e075d2eec88cbfab4fc4ab06c1308","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03323020","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$8AFAFB80-9048-4FC0-86A5-62D5F7207C2C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"932c4736cc508e1bbe19129d169a589847717e0f","datavalue":{"value":"W2019400923","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781915$63FB1858-35EA-4682-8168-FB3FD566094F","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f408e7b4a4e2b6099fafcbe198fe5669678e3654","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1887629,"id":"Q1887629"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a2679586ff346519282638cbca215e14d3ebf4d9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8391224145889282","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1781915$B731F786-E057-488F-A5C1-35B402589D26","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c92226c70ed64b355bcc47a905bb8a61db66f8b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1858246,"id":"Q1858246"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5f171e6f290ae85a30cf43d355f006c9aa333a6e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8372355699539185","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1781915$D6144F11-FE9F-4FB7-AD9A-60806B9B4CA5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c454f3f87764b06c297fb2acf46707dd031e5f14","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":734791,"id":"Q734791"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"14a2ef35da7dfc7cac580f35e33e8f492bb997df","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8364231586456299","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1781915$AB08227F-AF78-44B6-A8AC-53B3C900DD1F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dc3b3a7888172ee0af9b8d0c65eac046f1ee833d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1781916,"id":"Q1781916"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"535e45416c3ab9786d8c9efbdfad3bd1853d7a4b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8137345910072327","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1781915$1B7DAD62-9767-4CEC-A1E6-7398A064ECB3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e46790cda3a395ad8191b64674fcb53c79786bf2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2463617,"id":"Q2463617"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c72fbc94f85e22d358f3a3454849ce4f95623394","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7753955721855164","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1781915$79443B8F-7F01-491C-8E37-2CFEE30F4069","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The congruence of a matrix with its transpose","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/The_congruence_of_a_matrix_with_its_transpose"}}}}}