{"entities":{"Q1781936":{"pageid":1792678,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1781936","lastrevid":48497146,"modified":"2026-01-05T00:32:15Z","type":"item","id":"Q1781936","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Genericity of simple eigenvalues for a metric graph"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2174707"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$5799F6F6-BD85-483B-8A75-C44D3C7BADE4","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"fa74bb60f88a7d8d41057fed24a4238fc5086592","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Genericity of simple eigenvalues for a metric graph","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$37CFC78F-503E-4430-A361-50DF95783C85","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"aa9e4ff379f42a7916c902b29c141a737fd15fd6","datavalue":{"value":"1077.58016","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$BE258DFD-594A-448C-9445-95DCF9E6CD7E","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"ddbc3190aaae3e1d1d328ecf197bc54cf9c64f32","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF02773531","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$FE6CCAF2-D6B0-4DED-8B4F-EB637EB3ACF5","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6dfb6ee165defb4af907f1153125e615a8ea0656","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1189746,"id":"Q1189746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$AD27592B-074F-49B2-8758-6F1687D39E23","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"1d50f9b953eac0b2404563f86ad398ee3823cb48","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":173732,"id":"Q173732"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$26726424-BBB9-484C-9765-4CAC42A4951A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"ce57d70a75dd4551033850269d3a862556d05764","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-06-09T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$0ACDE9E5-2700-4B3C-8FD8-3CB9EE4CC755","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"114a55271d279391641db146c20d5768966e0dc9","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(\\Gamma\\) be a connected finite graph; each edge \\(e\\) is considered to be a line segment of length \\(\\ell(e)\\). The space \\(H^2(\\Gamma)\\) is the space of continuous functions on \\(\\Gamma\\) which belong to \\(H^2\\) on each edge. The Laplacian is given by \\(-\\partial_{x_\\varepsilon}^2\\) on each edge; the domain is the space \\(H^2(\\Gamma)\\) with the Kirchhoff condition  \\[ \\sum_{v<e}\\{\\partial_{x_e}\\phi\\}(v)=0 \\]  for every vertex \\(v\\) and where the sum is over the edges \\(e\\) starting from \\(v\\). If \\(\\Gamma\\) is a polygon, the problem is equivalent to the spectral problem for the Laplacian on the circle of the same circumference and positive eigenvalues are always double. One can always remove vertices of degree 2 to form a simpler graph.   The author shows that for all other graphs, the spectrum of the Laplacian is generically simple:   Theorem. Let \\(\\Gamma\\) be a connected metric graph which is different from a circle. Suppose it does not have vertices of degree \\(2\\). Let \\(M\\) be the set in the parameter space \\(R_+^{| E| }\\) for which all eigenvalues of \\(\\Gamma\\) are simple. Then the set \\(M\\) is residual. \\smallbreak\\noindent The crucial technical lemma in the proof from which the theorem is derived is the following:  Lemma. Suppose that the edge lengths \\(\\ell(e)\\) are rationally independent. Then every multiple eigenvalue of \\(\\Gamma\\) splits.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$296B2AD7-2785-442A-82EE-F8D598F859E0","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"ba2f81c2cea09c5562dc4c79432cec451954f4ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168622,"id":"Q168622"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$559D6B4A-A118-4E8C-A184-15ABCE947611","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ac5363adcb936e5da736a8382ff776775f1e7e29","datavalue":{"value":"58J50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$DB010573-3C71-495D-81B2-F83EB1235760","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"cc6de70e9d95efacc83662f6d8ee6fb3a1662a5c","datavalue":{"value":"2174707","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$05FA9DE6-C8C1-4EE2-9DD3-9D92D793F3FD","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b07eec98772a8c24fb556e9a027cbd0c75ec516b","datavalue":{"value":"Laplacian","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$C8C0A087-D3C5-47CA-9782-02680862C705","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3a1e626823aaa4eb09f5fc73c4e3fc28d2c3a23d","datavalue":{"value":"finite metric graph","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$F1E2C961-4677-448D-B4E3-F8832C7D7481","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"645b94b3e9c394b39be5854d987d1dd403061497","datavalue":{"value":"Kirchhoff condition.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$4123DF9D-9417-42AC-B58D-002A2C47028D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$A0224B65-6C5E-4DD2-9A1E-771FCF866B06","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"226196e08689dd6183e18228ee451ae59a18c708","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4057025,"id":"Q4057025"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$03D77CD8-345D-4295-AA00-D5E79CEE75D1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ccb82a02c8a598c37e0587c7dd7b23670db707e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":790504,"id":"Q790504"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$78807D3B-1B90-450E-89A5-DCD772AB9D5F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0d605c7d9c5865a0232e373c56fd944af0e0d737","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3896283,"id":"Q3896283"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$B0DD3D55-78B2-485F-B916-C9B1AE13EAA6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9573b7ab1e4b0ac0687b0b7b1fe7b3196d029205","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5526485,"id":"Q5526485"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$E246F3C8-69CA-4DE4-AEA7-DD8EA11BB566","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"86ec59dd2cef141c7beef6cdde9ea380d1c81c77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5461777,"id":"Q5461777"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$02325ED5-4AFF-4081-B2A1-CE48C699DA64","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"86871d566224ddec836addfa73fe6a39798780ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4127097,"id":"Q4127097"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1781936$67D78B8C-1894-49F6-9358-0F84C587F33B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"72a5ccb93b3887fa2ef69e48f22488f8bf656fb4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":323869,"id":"Q323869"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"908d0a1ad565e13923a29019abbe1a9f47de06f7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.787975549697876","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1781936$7FCFCC0A-9ADE-4632-B8C8-3EE53E596775","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0d6f4666a51b8d2a1bc4d97ef5c984c321258953","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1774114,"id":"Q1774114"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0cf5a5644cf2fa337103e3eb1a77c6bf4d4906ee","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7793968319892883","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1781936$08849EE6-7B3E-45D6-9EE7-EB1B4E61A590","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2d5a942365454d30b228c965f253895db20da520","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3083505,"id":"Q3083505"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"096c9d6858db096f2f61a05e26dda609986d79dc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.768496036529541","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1781936$70E43E3A-1E66-42E4-9E86-DA20002AE4F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"34f215de060d6a87def9d54200e98504be9c1aae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3629438,"id":"Q3629438"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1f84b786725d16c2ad4787de5c39d74a5c836109","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7576122283935547","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1781936$84D7631E-1F57-417D-ACF9-F052394C115F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8a841aec483a8eddae3f822bab48a095ca967cd7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5876315,"id":"Q5876315"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"00350a99ad8dddba79536e35253d74952146a3aa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7566890120506287","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1781936$E2D2144E-DE57-4C59-BCA4-EA48AB8DB779","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1781936","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1781936"}}}}}