{"entities":{"Q1792670":{"pageid":1803412,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1792670","lastrevid":68967906,"modified":"2026-04-13T03:25:52Z","type":"item","id":"Q1792670","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Genetic algorithm for mixed integer nonlinear bilevel programming and applications in product family design"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6952773"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$7B19991B-0647-4459-9717-A456D223CD5F","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"1ce573b3a8372976d06f71e7e551d77d2729e4f9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Genetic algorithm for mixed integer nonlinear bilevel programming and applications in product family design","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$23CAB3F7-047D-4EDF-8F5B-FCE26F1192E8","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"5b718e73827080ebbd3ab3d6a107f7391cd7565d","datavalue":{"value":"1400.90228","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$9A8CEF34-0B97-4120-B18B-1A8D3A4AF172","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"fa606e4cd204df806bcab9760e45ba15e41f3ab9","datavalue":{"value":"10.1155/2016/1379315","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$709E5C06-33AB-404A-8CBB-AD03C4A2028C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"33a460a605df9627f60eb39fcd0428c2485ec08a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1792669,"id":"Q1792669"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$2FB9DA66-B6CE-467C-88D7-EB323811EAF2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"da4bb72a6699ee2bd04267aeae842e40f5caecd5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":291525,"id":"Q291525"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$05ACA4FD-9D7E-449A-BE23-5F90145729D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"505ab47be7c5303204afbe0ca9aef4becf985aae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":332898,"id":"Q332898"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$D6C984EE-8B8F-4307-89B9-04E637AA10F1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2317a0b9204db356705af54d7f0b5f0febf04919","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":442166,"id":"Q442166"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$ACA44130-FF98-4976-A3F8-C3BFB62BBCD0","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"3dc97bc0aff607b9c22ce37ffa18b6de85001d90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":86199,"id":"Q86199"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$3159D7D8-E6BF-4E76-A948-3895C2674C5B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"8ea484e5e450d8c28bd391c202097b7b63c8e2aa","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2018-10-12T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$FA997EE0-A968-4BBA-86AC-9462AB1BA43F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"da4715ec4c515a9cea38ec581d3a363019c3ae50","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: Many leader-follower relationships exist in product family design engineering problems. We use bilevel programming (BLP) to reflect the leader-follower relationship and describe such problems. Product family design problems have unique characteristics; thus, mixed integer nonlinear BLP (MINLBLP), which has both continuous and discrete variables and multiple independent lower-level problems, is widely used in product family optimization. However, BLP is difficult in theory and is an NP-hard problem. Consequently, using traditional methods to solve such problems is difficult. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have great value in solving BLP problems, and many studies have designed GAs to solve BLP problems; however, such GAs are typically designed for special cases that do not involve MINLBLP with one or multiple followers. Therefore, we propose a bilevel GA to solve these particular MINLBLP problems, which are widely used in product family problems. We give numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In addition, a reducer family case study is examined to demonstrate practical applications of the proposed BLGA.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$0B1CD966-1D8B-4757-A798-AE84C719A1EF","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"bf44f3ad3a2f88c9b2a45e4395030d611f0589bf","datavalue":{"value":"90C11","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$DA8D69C3-CD9C-45E4-9741-E9FD699415D2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8d42ae7884b9335550c4d21f090798ce9c56a9bf","datavalue":{"value":"90C59","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$48027132-BAF3-4F45-A54B-5587E3B47FF6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"52de7d4bf5a27d5ad252804eec58396bb3e40c44","datavalue":{"value":"90C30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$F537B521-5EBA-488B-80E2-89F88B11B7BE","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e2a5b62df03fe8aa18e30d5bf8b84c44246e60c7","datavalue":{"value":"6952773","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$B7F47007-2626-4A79-A2BA-BCCDDD8FDF8B","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$BACF62AE-BF10-41B4-8179-F16051CA5A4A","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"df0ecc555e4ec9b34cbed6e392eac2a64975682d","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1379315","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$1E3394C0-62A0-4AF1-A14F-781331684CB1","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a08764844928436eedbc169c7953782a6ead092e","datavalue":{"value":"W2508848578","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$9CBB3ACF-9144-4C03-8DC7-DF360B93A43E","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8faca0a673cede45efb34e71f586acbb53ef5ecb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2255949,"id":"Q2255949"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$2972DE0E-6230-487E-9129-960BDD1CD924","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"31d71614339b7cedbca4bb4b9a7679a24c29b32c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5062796,"id":"Q5062796"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$F8BD0EC4-17C7-4163-85EC-A6E2DD2E0642","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9e1bf9dd22033381ede63bbf4d125df74327d0ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5184666,"id":"Q5184666"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$516CBBC5-DC72-4CF9-A56B-0F0E559DA733","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7913cf2293f664a54d9fd42b998bc1bbc025f0eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3910323,"id":"Q3910323"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$4FC1A406-8A64-4779-9142-64C7C9576749","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bf3fa10459167bb93068b252a1fb12a840909c07","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5753771,"id":"Q5753771"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$342247C4-8FA4-4A44-8635-063339474AC3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6c9f30850cbde620aec88f2fe3cab372c4b3aa33","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1304175,"id":"Q1304175"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$7DAEF241-BC61-48B1-8B3C-43726D34EBD5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c339b36aec73e6fac15fb158ed970ec49acde707","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4736117,"id":"Q4736117"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$B4077175-8425-4B1D-838A-270AD120D773","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1aff2252544d1e35b3e2f53958de0f16e131dda6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1125031,"id":"Q1125031"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$73D7A7E5-058B-4B47-AD54-81E58B916B95","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ed7b1fd8dc6413089f8b8a2180f5a9b6cbb4f54e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":639161,"id":"Q639161"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$1E9E745F-DA19-472E-B3B6-007583B78BA7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fc3675c45e9f80a2bc8ea5f669ff093a68885af6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":256666,"id":"Q256666"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$EA7AD2B2-6770-4519-B8B4-74EAFFDF9DF5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0fdb768f2327acb4119d40a8221bbfe627fa211b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2489229,"id":"Q2489229"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$19DC3CFA-2ED0-4258-B856-F087968AFD61","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c7b0d3c57682f668e11d618daf5ba2812c55d114","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2426676,"id":"Q2426676"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$03F094E1-62DC-4F34-AB9C-F52F82B8971A","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"4650f25cd13ffa8a4cbef2c54caf702d75c1d821","datavalue":{"value":"Q59130932","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$5D47AE35-B3C6-44CB-B220-18F4D7821994","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0f46f864bc122b18c65dc1e16263e740cabc7e1a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1941961,"id":"Q1941961"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0801791c0550fc6606096455acb0ba0941aebd0e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7984333634376526","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1792670$FE2533FD-DD19-4A5F-9234-D90497E46DB8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6afc4da4cebc4d9781cbe16b477b73c4f0f3563d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5400991,"id":"Q5400991"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6c9a72eb897c4e06ea0886252b348832feaaff68","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7964929342269897","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1792670$D05AB754-6D27-420A-BB6D-1D1D7D748674","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3e5ae07a536334713fd6084e71c7eb0677f6f6bf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3011464,"id":"Q3011464"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"623154926ebce74aa1647920d46a3422d3978e8f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7906583547592163","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1792670$830FBEA6-89BB-4D88-9589-349AB2A7A03F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"141915d66e9cf9ecf8578e6f72c52274ac45998e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":256666,"id":"Q256666"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9325fb12045a9ea2e6ba0abd876f3bf5314948d7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7894394993782043","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1792670$BABAC253-8B83-41EE-BB66-E48CA3D43D73","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"48235274d241e465e5f23d90be8c2d06d5bd45bc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3641505,"id":"Q3641505"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d436271f5f2ccfcb33167dda92fc851731196955","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7852191925048828","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1792670$8BB00EE4-CCCF-495A-AF91-CA7C38D77112","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1792670$6209A201-82DF-4387-9CC8-CE3156AC0AE7","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Genetic algorithm for mixed integer nonlinear bilevel programming and applications in product family design","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Genetic_algorithm_for_mixed_integer_nonlinear_bilevel_programming_and_applications_in_product_family_design"}}}}}