{"entities":{"Q1800944":{"pageid":1811686,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1800944","lastrevid":70896501,"modified":"2026-04-13T18:02:14Z","type":"item","id":"Q1800944","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Segregating Markov chains"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6966128"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$319ABC79-C63D-4E83-94FC-83DC84A3EC2A","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"836d6c79b54ccf9c8ac22cb6bfb3f2621363a7c1","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Segregating Markov chains","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$A3CBEEC6-0C15-4DED-9AFC-0653325DCA2D","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"2bd780b4cae7fd6f3875627d9417ac52b1b898d4","datavalue":{"value":"1414.60058","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$10063DC3-4B78-41F9-BC98-6996B81F3EF9","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"34356501bc0bca3bb58eeeaa9f62f6f128633e84","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1800943,"id":"Q1800943"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$4696D170-6777-4D7E-ADA3-FF80C38A2A0B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"004bb675c0e7cd18711c729d36ebd3536ce79adf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":350677,"id":"Q350677"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$6FC6022D-98C2-42A1-B25E-F46ECFCD0172","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"0767dbe907f2b468d0869434c8ff22ebf5cc56e0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":189069,"id":"Q189069"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$3DEC89C5-44EF-41DE-A591-33BEFB6CF088","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"ea269db09297544776e39495a4f14dedb5a1b846","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2018-10-26T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$F9BC6A18-90B5-47FD-935E-AD1F4CD45015","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a95c58a8da9d56ea52769d99d4220a8838a6eed0","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.03661","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$9256E99B-5D20-4D64-9176-357E80C60D9B","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"73ead113b26842433499d2fe578b88b994482485","datavalue":{"value":"If the distribution of a Markov chain converges to some distribution \\(\\pi \\) irrespectively of initial distribution, the speed of convergence is measured by means of the variation distance. Sometimes it is more convenient to consider \\(\\sup \\| P^n(x,\\cdot)-P^n(y,\\cdot)\\| _{TV}\\). \\textit{O. H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m} [Random Struct. Algorithms 18, No. 3, 267--278 (2001; Zbl 1002.60096)] gave an example of a finite reducible Markov chain with the property: two copies of the chain, starting in different states \\(x\\) and \\(y\\), can be coupled in a way that they meet in a finite time but the total variation distance never goes down a fixed positive value, this is called the segregation of two states. The paper continues the investigation of this phenomenon. Namely, it considers two coupled copies of a Markov chain on a countable state space starting from the points \\(x\\) and \\(y\\), they meet after time \\(\\tau \\). If the two copies can be coupled so that \\(P\\{\\tau <\\infty \\}=1\\), then  \\[  \\sup \\lim_{n\\to \\infty }\\| P^n(x,\\cdot)-P^n(y,\\cdot)\\| _{TV}\\leq 1/2,  \\] where the supremum is taken over transition matrices \\(P\\) and states \\(x\\) and \\(y\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$E06B1A0A-BEEF-4D92-87F3-50F3CB1176CE","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"f2f4187f96fe1f235cc10fef2a585d4f48ab9217","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":592844,"id":"Q592844"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$065B9CBD-A163-4C60-9B08-3504B003B807","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1cdf15533e26fc0c4c2e22d28e655c364dfe77a6","datavalue":{"value":"60J10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$EC8BC754-47DF-4E67-ADDA-921805B1571E","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c6462d76a8523e3dec3b6f496908a1341056645b","datavalue":{"value":"6966128","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$B2862668-DF29-48AA-B06D-2C17D5946A9F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"397d9252ef89819a92633d8502b4000f6e56c083","datavalue":{"value":"Markov chain","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$B951CF20-C7CD-4E00-87F1-AF5DE67E68C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e6c6321316c8ac0bea0fbf6ee7517c2b5a7cbc79","datavalue":{"value":"non-Markovian coupling","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$9ECA367D-5114-42E8-8D7F-489BA544E5CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4ee978296e7cbaea5be0b0aa8ee24480ec811e8d","datavalue":{"value":"total variation distance","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$361FC61D-A248-4F3A-884D-436C6184F646","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3dddb54977c4815e131571c13cb67b2a37c6a4f4","datavalue":{"value":"coupling inequality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$86F2CFE5-E7A6-465A-9924-2EF4D84768A9","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$B1C1F9BC-269D-4D96-A6AC-4497753A3FF6","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"bea208e8c5be10bb83aa1be83296ad0ebba6da34","datavalue":{"value":"W2242607452","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$D668BC39-DF46-45E5-BFEA-BC94DF660FEF","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"09d12695d4a3731e56edebe1f68edf8feccbdbd8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4398864,"id":"Q4398864"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$D9618D89-F5E6-4BD8-BED7-2B510AD59F18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b9bc1f604cbac216683a41c30b47be50ee565a30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2725032,"id":"Q2725032"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$EB3B7CB2-4AF3-4DEF-91AB-0E69D744407E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"29277c748ab42fc1976eb8302caf3458982171c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5433262,"id":"Q5433262"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$85132A24-E9BA-4ECB-91F9-927A15D8CAB5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ba1d6d7ea1c2593dc2afe17c267994ae12165390","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4357240,"id":"Q4357240"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$48610C07-F109-44E2-9B7B-4E712EBFF5FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5fba4cbaf8626c697c3fdfac486e8430d0fcfe8d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4226355,"id":"Q4226355"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$AF686374-5A22-4E63-9B12-CA257287EB69","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"04959e28f92db34274b6eb8821a5c4e3315f4718","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":678615,"id":"Q678615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$1E71B0BE-331E-4E1A-AE84-CFC770900183","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"f12ce66809c92814e905e2f9e71f614986587dab","datavalue":{"value":"Q59611750","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$4A78B12F-9A7E-4BB7-A8DC-E7ABD8828AF9","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"42688bc4a72218291f69a31c71e03ffdbafac93a","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10959-017-0743-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$247E46D7-6575-49A1-8B3F-BA4DA61A9155","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3ef6e6ad828c7eeb83395216d88c0cac9f0d2d7e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3793461,"id":"Q3793461"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b49eaa74e55c299f50348bdf9c65ee500d658ff7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7525754","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1800944$740B5D47-51B2-4375-A3A8-8754EDC5BF36","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"db643bbd89fe52039b1f62dc0568be461373c2ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2865811,"id":"Q2865811"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6bbc678b883a9e7c855f77776c580b2c4e000867","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72188413","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1800944$E3FCCC41-7A4C-4519-ACAF-9080EED2AF77","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7c711d097d377504da7b18f7b24da5e30fc66af3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3788832,"id":"Q3788832"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c508d0d52b3d3d44996a6956296667f13079461d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.71116745","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1800944$3B8EAF2A-D271-49A9-9C50-46DAC1A8D5C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"afdc2ea47b96ae42fb1ff5546e4d9999abb52e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2726260,"id":"Q2726260"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5a75c101b2cdfd4d1414b29a425ed10e391db4c6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.709153","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1800944$2EFA26B4-D1D5-40E9-9226-0C471270F009","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2e859c7f6b69ec6a822bf7e2f27a102c2a073724","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2803413,"id":"Q2803413"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2fd996f52fdab7528461af512438b2ccb9e3c4fd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70479107","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1800944$53BF7D5B-D6B8-4033-B7AE-0E7FA6CBA232","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d6b82d57c78104007653aadcda748263336f24c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5363065,"id":"Q5363065"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d6f2342b27d4e69e14a64f3af5eafad0822d8cb4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7017103","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1800944$765C2646-DDF3-4C5B-ADA1-B03FC8AA1F30","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"61cb4eeb2b9b7c4cf8f712be30808e0bec499329","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":843703,"id":"Q843703"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0f9cf4fbe07f453aa0ba2c68f6cdb3eb82ea4ed4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7001863","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1800944$6E0CCB65-4A98-4DCF-91A5-46DAAFE0507C","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1800944$A470AAEE-C109-4FCD-AC15-AC2151EA020B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Segregating Markov chains","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Segregating_Markov_chains"}}}}}