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The Riemann-Roch problem consists in studying the function \\(h^ 0({\\mathcal L}^{\\otimes n})\\) for large \\(n\\). The problem was solved for curves and was first studied by Italian geometers for surfaces. \\textit{O. Zariski} [Ann. Math., II. Ser. 76, 560-615 (1962; Zbl 0124.370)] proved that if \\(S\\) is a nonsingular surface and \\(D\\) an effective divisor on \\(S\\) then \\(h^ 0 ({\\mathcal O}_ S (nD)) = P(n) + \\Lambda (n)\\) for \\(n \\gg 0\\), where \\(P(x)\\) is a quadratic polynomial and \\(\\Lambda (n)\\) is a bounded function. In this fundamental paper Zariski also stated that ``it is an open question whether \\(\\Lambda (n)\\) is always a periodic function of \\(n\\)''. Zariski himself obtained some partial results in this area. He proved that if \\(D\\) is an effective divisor on \\(S\\) such that the Kodaira dimension \\(K(D) = \\text{tr deg} (\\bigoplus_{n \\geq 0} H^ 0({\\mathcal O}_ S (nD))) - 1\\) is not greater than 1 then \\(\\bigoplus_{n \\geq 0} H^ 0 ({\\mathcal O}_ S (nD))\\) is a finitely generated \\(k\\)-algebra and hence \\(\\Lambda (n)\\) is periodic. Because \\(K(D) \\leq 2\\) on a surface, the remaining case is \\(K(D) = 2\\).   The authors of the present paper solve the Zariski problem completely. The main results are the following:   Theorem 2: If \\(\\text{char} k = 0\\), \\(S\\) is a normal surface proper over \\(k\\) and \\(D\\) is an effective Cartier divisor on \\(S\\), then for \\(n \\gg 0\\), \\(h^ 0 ({\\mathcal O}_ S (nD)) = P(n) + \\Lambda (n)\\) where \\(P(n)\\) is a quadratic polynomial and \\(\\Lambda (n)\\) is a periodic function.   Theorem 3: If \\(k\\) is a finite field, under the same hypothesis on \\(S\\), then \\(\\bigoplus_{n \\geq 0} H^ 0 (S, {\\mathcal O}_ S (nD))\\) is a finitely generated \\(k\\)-algebra and \\(h^ 0 ({\\mathcal O}_ S (nD)) = P(n) + \\Lambda (n)\\), where \\(P(n)\\) is a quadratic polynomial and \\(\\Lambda (n)\\) is periodic for \\(n \\gg 0\\).   Theorem 3 is the stronger result because Zariski showed that \\(\\bigoplus_{n \\geq 0} H^ 0({\\mathcal O}_ s (nD))\\) can be a nonfinitely generated \\(k\\)-algebra. The paper also contains many interesting other results. It is furnished a very nice but sophisticated example of a ruled surface \\(X = \\mathbb{P} ({\\mathcal E})\\), \\(X @>\\pi>>C\\), \\({\\mathcal E} = {\\mathcal O}_ \\mathbb{C} + {\\mathcal O}_ \\mathbb{C} (P)\\), over a field of positive characteristic \\(p\\) on which the Zariski problem has a negative answer for a line bundle \\({\\mathcal L} = {\\mathcal O}_ X(1) \\otimes \\pi^* {\\mathcal M}\\). The Riemann-Roch problem in higher dimensions is also considered and it is given an example of an effective divisor \\(D\\) on a 3-fold \\(X\\) (projective and nonsingular) such that \\(h^ 0 ({\\mathcal O}_ X (nD))\\) is a polynomial of degree 3 in \\([n(2 - \\sqrt 3/3)]\\). In such way Zariski's problem has a negative answer even for effective divisors in dimension greater than 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