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The scaling and squaring method for computing the matrix exponential is based on the identity \\(e^{Qt} = e^{-qt}[e^{2^{-m}Q't}]^{2^ m}\\), where \\(Q' = Q+qI\\) and the number \\(m\\) is chosen so that \\(2^{m-1} \\leq \\| Q't\\| < 2^ m\\). The number \\(q\\) is chosen so that \\(\\| Q'\\|\\) is minimized and can be computed exactly for an intensity matrix.   With this preconditioning, the exponential \\(e^{2^{-m}Q't}\\) can be computed using either Pad\u00e9 or Taylor approximants, and the desired matrix \\(e^{Qt}\\) by successive squaring of the result. 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