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Robinson, generalizes the notion of (algebraic) congruence in two ways: it takes into account the predicates of the language, and also it is defined relatively to a given theory. A concept of quotient follows.   This paper solves the problem of characterizing the theories preserving these quotients, raised by \\textit{A. F. Margarit} and \\textit{L. M. Laita} [Z. Math. Logik Grundlagen Math. 33, 497-505 (1987; Zbl 0639.03036)]. 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