{"entities":{"Q1803551":{"pageid":1814293,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1803551","lastrevid":68999250,"modified":"2026-04-13T03:38:34Z","type":"item","id":"Q1803551","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Integrating case- and rule-based reasoning"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 221177"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$CA292026-F211-4973-89BD-C903376C6631","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"1b55d5d70122a8ddd552c6d4b43b2d5988a8339f","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Integrating case- and rule-based reasoning","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$8D060F3A-0DB2-43CF-814B-B365FFAE4832","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"c0e998973d5aa98ee005a153e8024a0ae3bc6130","datavalue":{"value":"0779.68074","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$47464C85-0F5F-4771-B12D-C3761117168C","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"2151e54b61fc898316423347130c59c7115343db","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0888-613X(93)90001-T","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$42CC0EC7-F800-4173-AADF-D20D269A0F85","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d7c0d50f4557481746c18709d4c59eb4ee50fa77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":642526,"id":"Q642526"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$007886BF-F9CC-4499-B023-22E96E5BA4D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"96ba67c00f36899a9fa86aa9c4151fa1a887d542","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":750169,"id":"Q750169"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$59C9C196-0700-4254-A4EA-97205B40E335","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"ffcf9cdef56de74059e9064d7fefa5c3d05fe8f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":110194,"id":"Q110194"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$D0C81ED2-3D9B-4CE8-BBDC-EF50CE31EA11","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"be4381b75afe2df0dbe37cd1a66e006418c0c5aa","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1993-06-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$F8AC24E5-DCF1-4DCE-B739-DF82832D8232","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"8041f2976dcf184ba25d6d5fd115116f35be21ef","datavalue":{"value":"Rule-based reasoning (RBR) and case-based reasoning (CBR) have emerged as two important and complementary reasoning methodologies in artificial intelligence (AI). For problem solving in complex, real-world situations, it is useful to integrate RBR and CBR. This paper presents an approach to achieve a compact and seamless integration of RBR and CBR within the base architecture of rules. It is shown that the integration of CBR and RBR is possible without altering the inference engine of RBR. The paper focuses on the possibilistic (interpreted on the basis of similarity) nature of the approximate reasoning methodology common to both CBR and RBR. In CBR, the concept of similarity is cast as the complement of the distance between cases. In RBR the transitivity of similarity is the basis for the approximate deductions based on the generalized modus ponens. Approximate reasoning under uncertainty is also incorporated into the integration and is useful for dealing with many real-life situations and providing a comprehensive representation for CBR. This integration is illustrated in the financial domain of mergers and acquisitions. These ideas have been implemented in a prototype system, called a Mergers and Acquisitions Reasoning System (MARS).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$C4F15DEA-7E35-42AC-B0E0-C22ADA55811D","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e6e7c2e9d67f9590a26e18c734f34db53ce5ec87","datavalue":{"value":"68T15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$4693C47C-1221-4240-B100-1243254AADCF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"73dccdfb072fb026a86af92d74fe625efeb2b023","datavalue":{"value":"68T35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$A6B12C49-C126-4245-9DB5-87736D690965","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"817f09daa4a0760d871f91117bb7a834015bc72d","datavalue":{"value":"221177","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$0B34F477-3066-4552-A81C-63387A0CA761","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"682ff3593dea9e81545653d0e5f5593b7745b8cc","datavalue":{"value":"plausible reasoning","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$93F53C51-B353-4EDF-BC6C-1944CEDF9025","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"47350472417905348e33fb34badb8a1bdd186884","datavalue":{"value":"possibility theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$C9B16749-E7EC-43C2-A1DA-10FDD0C6A33A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"484667cdaf74f6f01a3ebfa43bceb46418eab1f6","datavalue":{"value":"financial application of knowledge-based systems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$493F1766-58F8-43A3-88CF-874773AF86BC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e2630e31bdb7e71aaafbb02e0aae25c7404e7c21","datavalue":{"value":"Rule-based reasoning","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$DE23F6E2-8EE8-453F-8489-D428F8920981","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"035c9ab99e4587d1ae975f9a6dbe9a3f204b49df","datavalue":{"value":"case-based reasoning","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$557C4A6D-1F58-4AFA-B6A2-80A199099504","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$A84FA17B-FDDA-4DBD-AF17-6C6427B0FDF5","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7aaa91603edf14accf56e05214511affdd4d598f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3491024,"id":"Q3491024"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$41D55569-9A32-4893-A236-01A81F967340","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6005d16a1c99d3080d9892d54151e68a556a8b03","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3979386,"id":"Q3979386"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$794D9FE5-01D2-4B11-89CA-036BC7767497","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"431e06942f4c8c9528da03dd12e2c03c5bf98e7c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2641292,"id":"Q2641292"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$33991313-5098-4C89-938E-353A1E8DB923","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d4bc3870266cf5a5186489d6bf6639bf1fbf3e72","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5514608,"id":"Q5514608"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$A8099341-0245-417E-B404-1785A282DC03","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"76e69ce7e7df50206769f5d11e1d20775dd96cad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1246531,"id":"Q1246531"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$9535FF44-39E3-49E2-AADF-3AB3730FDCB8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"db1a6a9905d8a2f82d07275addda60f00978043c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1072513,"id":"Q1072513"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$508D4D2D-E71F-490C-8431-1E467C3B9B3A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1f4b894549b7be8d69fc8a2987f6db7e705508f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2532749,"id":"Q2532749"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$FB2B0A90-F10E-489B-ACD8-93B0BF90C052","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"62d84d75d9a6f0e4fa4f405d195e107027dfd06c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3994497,"id":"Q3994497"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$CE50851F-0295-4549-8180-9DBB8FDC7F2C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dcad03eae4c43cd4a452a47951cea25fc001173e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5730522,"id":"Q5730522"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$EA5C2AC5-6E2C-4E89-9936-D917874F181D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"03f538de0fb504f2b0b674256b62b645861d4899","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3336431,"id":"Q3336431"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$6E4165FB-645D-4668-B9CC-9F3D94C60016","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d0a389bcac613e4dbfd4c6336b4b2c852a73c4b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5553784,"id":"Q5553784"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$F412D216-40BA-40A5-93EC-5147178CC7CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ba9899ac3711a0ba7eaa5b54b87f5ebafbb4562e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4131415,"id":"Q4131415"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$37A7916B-D3AE-4B84-B9D9-94A3567730C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"36a13f2423ca88da87f6a42729f695e932449847","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1176174,"id":"Q1176174"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$E6E9642A-D010-4EEC-B9DE-5F9413757440","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"786d3045f834ddc2396d4e61a5538ed123a6f479","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-613x(93)90001-t","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$358F3B7F-E47D-487A-AB6E-27F36F72FCDB","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"ecd45af22e2251aae41c26d2525847c4f2568481","datavalue":{"value":"W2030043097","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1803551$472B14D4-0324-48BA-B275-6C0A40414798","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"09fc2256a283d8147ae1076871ed3ead0d7f9df5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4708355,"id":"Q4708355"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"050e21df6a47a49a4e737aa0b2a551ff8a9e421c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7878904938697815","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1803551$D43BFD0B-DAAA-47A3-A02D-83C62B6B870F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4134a38e004549310b3fe18444fe715a0a6881b1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3400897,"id":"Q3400897"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4d4f3fe854883a1900e334adcdb92346c0760518","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7598568201065063","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1803551$06D6DEB5-F941-436B-99FF-C6316979A5D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"030118077097e0df6edd63ecb90d5782c57abdd4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4805673,"id":"Q4805673"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"67959adc0cf5c14067beb4aaecb066e39f030491","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.745060920715332","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1803551$E1DB8E5A-BD79-4C9C-B3C1-2A10476D2E6D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"475833a7d8137c72b8f503031e485dec5a15c660","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3486878,"id":"Q3486878"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"65180cafb9fdc53bde66cc6a9d0e96115f45b038","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.738303005695343","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1803551$5DFDD687-1089-427C-8C29-A2781A403F09","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6235530a3a0a5198236f2396a3df31fea7f1f3db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5318237,"id":"Q5318237"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bc8748895fa03b2ef0418768e593214b9baa8dd4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7356165051460266","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1803551$51AD20E7-AE3E-468B-9A5A-5ABC247C2EF3","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Integrating case- and rule-based reasoning","badges":[]}}}}}