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During the course of the next hundred years it became clear that, while the result does not extend to infinite trees, the structure of a group of automorphisms acting without fixed vertices or edges on an infinite tree is very special. The theorem that such a group is free was formulated by \\textit{J.-P. Serre}. The proof given in his book [Trees. Transl. from the French (1980; Zbl 0548.20018){]} is clearly motivated by topological considerations; it involves the construction of a quotient graph, lifting a spanning tree, contracting the images of the spanning tree, and proving that the shrunken graph is a tree isomorphic to a Cayley graph. \\textit{D. E. Cohen} [Combinatorial group theory. A topological approach (1978; Zbl 0389.20024){]} asserts that the outline of this proof was given by {Reidemeister} [Einf\u00fchrung in die kombinatorische Topologie (1932; Zbl 0004.36904)], and he shows that some of the topological machinery is unnecessary; but his proof requires the same basic steps. The object of the present paper is to give a straightforward proof in the locally finite case, using only the facts that a tree is an acyclic connected graph and that it has a natural metric preserved by automorphisms. The proof is not fundamentally new, but it does avoid several extraneous constructions. 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