{"entities":{"Q1814010":{"pageid":1824752,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1814010","lastrevid":42218223,"modified":"2025-06-02T12:17:18Z","type":"item","id":"Q1814010","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Regularity of \\(p\\)-harmonic functions on the plane"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5589"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$88C0B14E-B6F2-41B4-B9FE-C622CDFFD029","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"0dc908e0b6cad12c569f4e23fcff5f59db4815f6","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Regularity of \\(p\\)-harmonic functions on the plane","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$E11B0E24-70C3-46C9-B423-8BC01B529362","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"79d81b29529f870699abf9f3fe2bd5cedbdf4c5a","datavalue":{"value":"0805.31003","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$EA2BAF99-B4C3-4E2D-9A55-2C91AB269F13","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"5e00926767269185f8132652fea8d15e38403c93","datavalue":{"value":"10.4171/RMI/82","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$36149CF9-28DE-49D0-8DD2-ACD9F80E8D2B","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"9227c12294e5bb8934176564310ffb97ef5f39a7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":206323,"id":"Q206323"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$D95F9482-0ECD-4A17-BF20-482F17335C0C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"a9fb98fc5aa5e191e1785044bba425aa7dd4be03","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":226908,"id":"Q226908"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$6851D8BF-1DD9-4941-85D2-2E479B67D1B4","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"4eb7cc1856a305a963c7393d6ad45e329f3b5d88","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":170748,"id":"Q170748"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$31701044-BADF-4E03-A570-A5A71A205EE8","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"d3f790682a6be4cc1f3210e15eebe1d6cc5ffbc2","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1992-06-25T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$E034FCC5-7528-4781-AAD9-5F4CE721C7D6","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"b9df47c8cb653874427943c6d76da31884ecb933","datavalue":{"value":"https://eudml.org/doc/39381","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$A2421BAE-9A3F-4DEE-9DCE-4CA60BD4CACA","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"14680f16c50f652c221e03c6bffb9d6b95a1689b","datavalue":{"value":"In this note we determine the optimal regularity of \\(p\\)-harmonic functions defined on a plane domain for each exponent \\(p\\), \\(1<p<\\infty\\). To state the results we use the following function spaces.   Theorem 1. The H\u00f6lder space \\(C^{k,\\alpha}_{\\text{loc}}(\\Omega)\\), \\(k=0,1,\\dots\\), \\(0<\\alpha\\leq 1\\), is the space of complex-valued functions \\(u\\in C^ k(\\Omega)\\) whose \\(k\\)-th order partial derivatives \\(D^ \\nu u\\), \\(|\\nu|=k\\), are locally H\u00f6lder continuous with exponent \\(\\alpha\\), \\(C^{k,\\alpha}_{\\text{loc}} (\\Omega)\\) is a locally convex linear space with topology determined by the seminorms  \\[ \\| u\\|_{C^{k,\\alpha} (F)}= \\sup_{x\\in F} | u(x)|+ \\sup_{x,y\\in F} \\sum_{|\\nu| =k} {{| D^ \\nu u(x)- D^ \\nu u(y)|} \\over {| x-y|^ \\alpha}}, \\]  where \\(F\\) is any compact subset of \\(\\Omega\\). The completion of \\(C^ \\infty (\\Omega)\\) in this topology is a proper subspace of \\(C^{k,\\alpha}_{\\text{loc}} (\\Omega)\\) which we denote by \\(C^{k+\\alpha}_{\\text{loc}} (\\Omega)\\). For \\(\\alpha=1\\) the space \\(C^{k+\\alpha}_{\\text{loc}} (\\Omega)\\) coincides with \\(C^{k+1} (\\Omega)\\) whereas functions in \\(C^{k+\\alpha}_{\\text{loc}} (\\Omega)\\) with \\(0<\\alpha<1\\) are characterized by the condition  \\[ \\sum_{|\\nu| =k} | D^ \\nu u(x)- D^ \\nu u(y)|= o(| x-y|^ \\alpha) \\]  uniformly on compact subsets of \\(\\Omega\\times \\Omega\\). We denote by \\(W^{k,s}_{\\text{loc}} (\\Omega)\\), \\(k=1,2,\\dots\\), \\(1\\leq s\\leq\\infty\\), the space of functions \\(u: \\Omega\\to \\mathbb{C}\\) whose distributional derivatives \\(D^ \\nu u\\), \\(|\\nu| \\leq k\\), belong to \\(L^ s_{\\text{loc}} (\\Omega)\\). Our main result is the following:   Theorem. Let \\(u\\in W^{1,p}_{\\text{loc}} (\\Omega)\\), \\(1<p<\\infty\\), be a \\(p\\)-harmonic function defined on a plane domain \\(\\Omega\\subset \\mathbb{R}^ 2\\). Then  \\[ u\\in C^{k,\\alpha}_{\\text{loc}} (\\Omega)\\cap W^{k+2}_{\\text{loc}} (\\Omega), \\tag{1} \\]  where the integer \\(k\\geq 1\\) and the exponent \\(\\alpha\\in (0,1]\\) are determined by the equation  \\[ k+\\alpha= {1\\over 6} \\Biggl( 7+ {1\\over {p-1}}+ \\sqrt{1+ {{14} \\over {p-1}} + {1\\over {(p-1)^ 2}}} \\Biggr). \\]  The integrability exponent \\(q\\) is any number such that  \\[ 1\\leq q< {2\\over {2-\\alpha}}\\leq 2. \\]  For \\(p\\neq 2\\) the regularity class in (1) is optimal. More precisely, for each \\(1<p<\\infty\\), \\(p\\neq 2\\), there is a \\(p\\)-harmonic function \\(v\\in W^{1,p}_{\\text{loc}} (\\Omega)\\) which is not in the class \\(C^{k+\\alpha}_{\\text{loc}}(\\Omega)\\cup W_{\\text{loc}}^{k+2,{2\\over {2-\\alpha}}} (\\Omega)\\).   The proof of the Theorem substantially exploits and extends the ideas from \\textit{B. Bojarski} and the first author, Partial differential equations, Banach Cent. Publ. 19, 25-38 (1987; Zbl 0659.35035)]. A key is the hodograph transformation that converts the \\(p\\)-harmonic equation onto a linear first order elliptic system. We solve this system by using Fourier series method. A careful examination of the Fourier expansion formula for the solution of the system leads us to the regularity statement. This formula provides non-trivial examples of \\(p\\)-harmonic functions. Among them there is one showing that our regularity result is the best possible.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$7100416A-3580-493D-9D79-0F1ED01DD996","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4237efc3ba3c64f208aa4cb957d8978d6f74f2ab","datavalue":{"value":"31B30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$3DB5E85A-1A25-4A2F-ACA4-01F6B6CB3574","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2349fb095f05e48a00ff4b9eeef1f34be82ea286","datavalue":{"value":"35J60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$570201C9-71D6-4AD5-9795-4503E27A9639","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"12720ad8e1b397852a5a8657f52910935cc2ec1e","datavalue":{"value":"5589","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$1819C9EC-FFBD-477B-B621-EBDB3B2C1398","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f0960670cd593eb720fabc7626fc491b6682d30f","datavalue":{"value":"weak solution of the \\(p\\)-harmonic equation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$2755755E-EA9A-4FAA-BB5A-E97EC551A319","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a55c1b8b30d3be1a447e4c4977aceb66369a895b","datavalue":{"value":"extremals of the variational integral","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$748DB244-8089-46B0-8542-A9F7B25B041D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c1a13a14660daadf4c2f33b2512683d9d79d4282","datavalue":{"value":"optimal regularity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$CA159FA2-B788-4E84-95A6-FD2E6923385C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"316fccf9a039fc0bcd1fd52bc4a226846f3c4c52","datavalue":{"value":"hodograph transformation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$60250B94-9370-48C2-AE21-BE32C229474B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b0f958fee523a05e82726ca673a471cc4a1a154a","datavalue":{"value":"Fourier series method","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$87B3B925-6C86-47F2-BAF4-4B7B226A4FBD","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$3CFB540F-2DB5-4BC5-B3FC-C1424094AC21","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"1f9fc828292277f8fbcd5b02f246050b8c61cc3a","datavalue":{"value":"W1982843850","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1814010$C23F5FE5-8375-4E41-8FE1-55D62F6F4442","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fdf419dbedacb853a941a70bcbebe358ee92cfa4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3136934,"id":"Q3136934"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ba1bd8754a8a9b2b23e3fced0358465ece2b2e99","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9641808","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1814010$4505C3C1-38D2-4508-BCA1-CC450ABF5D40","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6331f886353e0c05818d474239de5d5ee6198b22","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4497403,"id":"Q4497403"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b011aecd7ea36b423735f21ccaf786e91cfc0d47","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9557811","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1814010$B6B7DE42-B818-43A2-A2F3-908C7321181B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"64137c4d15a7366f3e7dff58aba66ebf8c7b2da0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3807631,"id":"Q3807631"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1bd097cb3097533d824f75e60da8a143e5353a3c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.94431704","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1814010$66C5D81A-8AE8-423A-B347-86875C173C7C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"651ba74ae27b75d61a1bf8b825041b3b7562c1a9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1692135,"id":"Q1692135"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ce7bc49074ec73e2a19edb519cc8ece092e7d1df","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9429964","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1814010$8CE6B967-5547-471B-8210-A68C2DAEB4D1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cccffba2e264e6ea78eaa9646ae1420083c25d5f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4670247,"id":"Q4670247"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"aeed0b25175b1b7220203a2476e24f838eddfefb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9413369","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1814010$AFD10D1A-DAEF-4B8C-B580-1D3DC1838E30","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"edfe5dac1ca3f5d97d8c33e6a27ab7ff411c9cc2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1112981,"id":"Q1112981"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ed76af8fd63e3e550fcfa58fee3c56ababe53b1e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9388241","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1814010$74C2F933-73EF-403F-97DF-4FA603F07259","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5bf3a1620b92b726a15de2965ddaa5c11c0404e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1048223,"id":"Q1048223"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a7b4c7878dd8659af0f2d2d43d6048c3721f9281","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9378433","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1814010$B7DC6563-A74C-436A-8F3B-0C06E88818BD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"92a9a6c97ac4c20db779fea5320ff6b858a3a864","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2515764,"id":"Q2515764"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"037a867088319471a8b7e509f227c2b554268c0e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9368639","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1814010$C7B7AA31-A210-4131-A3E9-89ED96091FE6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"13712ffc7a2f162313a78b8fa718acd795a1db2a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4008454,"id":"Q4008454"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c07b0f578c35511ae2ff903d779c3e6501c705d2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.93206984","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1814010$E25C9103-D9BA-420F-A612-6D0826B65062","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cd2d7832428146c2ee9c37e718ede2ee226691ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5212424,"id":"Q5212424"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d3361fa67269238c668e0cec47ab2fb0d748c99c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.93136454","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1814010$E1560086-0B38-4A7D-BDD7-D4F5451642E4","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1814010","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1814010"}}}}}