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An open continuous function from \\({\\mathcal X}\\) to \\({\\mathcal Y}\\) is called a \\((p, q)\\)-map, \\(0< q< p\\), if it has a finite number of branch points and assumes every point in \\({\\mathcal Y}\\) either \\(p\\) or \\(q\\) times, counting multiplicity, with possibly a finite number of exceptions. These comprise the most general class of all nontrivial functions having two valences between \\({\\mathcal X}\\) and \\({\\mathcal Y}\\).    In this paper we generalize and prove in a unified manner almost all the earlier covering and existence results involving \\((p, q)\\)-maps between orientable surfaces. Our results are combinatorial in nature; they relate the branch orders and exceptional sets of \\((p, q)\\)-maps to the valences \\(p\\), \\(q\\) and the topological invariants of \\({\\mathcal X}\\) and \\({\\mathcal Y}\\). 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