{"entities":{"Q1816556":{"pageid":1827298,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1816556","lastrevid":73384524,"modified":"2026-04-14T15:43:03Z","type":"item","id":"Q1816556","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Branched surfaces and the simplest foliations of 3-manifolds"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 950225"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$03B41761-0A91-49F6-BCD6-FA45EDB2ED20","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"3dffcd53cfff617173cb9348b83616671ba4fb5c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Branched surfaces and the simplest foliations of 3-manifolds","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$A12A3C03-2011-49F8-AF05-8845F11A86B4","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"7b601b548b74b98d71bd17a8c8935e5ac1c05f97","datavalue":{"value":"0868.57028","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$BBFB6A53-2A4E-48B8-9E64-BD4B24F9FDBF","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"24f68c8007d8f78821303f6c912e42641eb4ad39","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1363614,"id":"Q1363614"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$7E59D789-C59B-4E19-9E11-FA0A6E00442E","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"edf18db5439a683e98eaf3205ba65f05cfd68a4d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161301,"id":"Q161301"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$6F355932-2635-4675-8104-B5BA9F583D18","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"41120fa38ca7c0e02cc8570d48b8fe3190cff57c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1996-12-15T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$40E8D49C-C54C-4B27-A464-F2E290510A9F","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a85d67a1f344849604369b465772af16a5684466","datavalue":{"value":"http://nyjm.albany.edu:8000/PacJ/1997/v177no2.html","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$D16ABA19-F6B6-4669-8848-C85005BA8F7E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"0e90f56b1362515d1775a3ab8d7664434e8d540e","datavalue":{"value":"https://semanticscholar.org/paper/87ccdbd96ff4dec477deba43daad4ced384e6726","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$EA955029-47EB-4924-9409-9EE59EAB6AAB","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c5b95a1fc5c3f6cb2501cf1fc2d2cec2bdae56a7","datavalue":{"value":"The set of foliations carried by the same branched surface as a foliation \\(f\\) includes, but is not restricted to, the set of foliations sufficiently close to \\(f\\). We show that a branched surface may be constructed to ensure that no foliation carried by it has more dead-end components than \\(f\\). In particular, if \\(f\\) is taut, all foliations carried by the branched surface will be taut. We use the result to classify the foliations of closed 3-manifolds having the fewest number of dead-end components. We then develop an algorithm to determine a lower bound on the depth of a foliation in a given class.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$0C13ACED-AC42-4E68-9DBA-F17B73313F5F","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7b0d1152f99da25cdb1c792bce96121bfef42479","datavalue":{"value":"57R30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$1595FB76-241F-40BA-8A75-D65C1F29F389","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"89af99f6f29ed1ce05a8e8a41b4d52903b1e8015","datavalue":{"value":"57M12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$FB5098EA-3FF8-4A7C-A2BB-AA18596448DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8b16bda3145b584e274379f85891af9ff69b58fc","datavalue":{"value":"57M20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$2D30456F-5317-4D58-B3B1-CE0019E44F6C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5fd2e677adbf3c5d393403c254a42eb2ef993b52","datavalue":{"value":"57N10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$ED229587-0321-4C24-A07C-BEB191B76E8D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3fc7b1d31955f87a88039c4fdc7f021078d4da98","datavalue":{"value":"37C75","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$7B42E30F-DDE2-4466-9160-11679CC2832E","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f8bd602da9275a14a0b498b295cc3294e81aa18d","datavalue":{"value":"950225","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$BDDEB66F-E091-4A52-8EAC-48A3350AD1D9","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"12bca7e30587bda6b8daa1bdcb4278d39746865e","datavalue":{"value":"topological equivalency","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$36CDCAA8-9AE6-4D66-89B4-567B11A11FEF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a245c41c7119548e943766f0402c1cf944308069","datavalue":{"value":"taut foliation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$61E30FB3-246E-4549-B7EF-4051743524AB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6c34d5ec30f35cb1dc6d9b73df6bd86f43cd51e5","datavalue":{"value":"Novikov component","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$A4C11011-8863-4BF0-886E-2F4465191DB0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a53d97f041500b2316f06bbbf667096bf3f1ac74","datavalue":{"value":"branched surface","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$A4ACB669-0C15-44E6-8627-4C17967EE47B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3d6fbacbecd4aa529e87e398c7c1c0e0f8000c27","datavalue":{"value":"dead-end components","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$2CA3FEC7-D371-4FD1-AF37-A333A5CE5552","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d118cda181bda63340d61e105c97c7ec5e2e7153","datavalue":{"value":"foliations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$9AA20FA4-9AFA-4201-8673-9A2E1C9F376B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e7b1a32e4b0e4f6e2d164c4046115c40cef720df","datavalue":{"value":"closed 3-manifolds","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$77F7367F-E2E9-4A47-A0F8-08DD92BCF9AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cd0a5d0d4cf762e7c7ba742f2943056dfb033b4f","datavalue":{"value":"depth","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$25A672A9-09E8-462F-BA17-4986E62228EA","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$7A1286E6-AFFE-43D9-909B-D66A60DE5709","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d8d1adbb11d337c5305db41b2b24be385a3b382c","datavalue":{"value":"W1980233519","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$3CC4D7F5-36F0-4D09-B197-19C52BCD493F","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"45a94001f49308c88faca55f2719001daabf962e","datavalue":{"value":"10.2140/PJM.1997.177.305","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1816556$B0F29C40-4FA8-4BF8-B723-A6CF26D36193","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6091a1b358fa387b8947ff338ed31f46ebb62bc2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2373545,"id":"Q2373545"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a647cd5d19b13daeda5a219735b35582b1b9381d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8419959545135498","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1816556$D4BD44D7-5E49-4F12-A22B-58AD5B4B276B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c59261b2b4fa7c72aeab944874ca7f2eb6c52a23","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":860483,"id":"Q860483"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ee2866589447a745d234988528d4c999326d002f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8200637102127075","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1816556$0960EF15-E361-4FB4-8AC6-96506C9E8B8D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"221d4dab829a38fe0b8270a4cd87eb7bd71c30ee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2384406,"id":"Q2384406"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cc4c46aa6b93be544338d57c764b97ef7577dc6f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.780028760433197","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1816556$A80A0997-5FCD-4B0C-856C-03B01825B8EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9eb14b6417b35a0a121fc100355326f471af1ebd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1775460,"id":"Q1775460"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bff977e4559a5b1a44fd11a1275880c15f03c1a7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7734910249710083","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1816556$7C9BBFAD-D2F3-4078-874A-3712FB75E369","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Branched surfaces and the simplest foliations of 3-manifolds","badges":[]}}}}}