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The author establishes sufficient conditions for that the subalgebra generated by a set of elements of a supplemented algebra be a polynomial algebra, e.g.: Let B be a supplemented algebra over a ring A with \\(H_ 1(A,B,A)=0\\). If the augmentation ideal I of B contains a family of elements \\(\\{x_ s| \\quad s\\in S\\}\\) such that the elements \\(x_ s\\) generate B as an algebra and the set \\(\\{x_ s+I^ 2| \\quad s\\in S\\}\\) is a basis of the A- module \\(I/I^ 2\\), then B is the polynomial algebra over A in the indeterminates \\(\\{x_ s| \\quad s\\in S\\}.\\)    Let A be a PID and let B be a supplemented algebra over A given by a finite presentation \\((x_ 1,...,x_ n| r_ 1,...,r_ m)\\). The number n-m is called the deficiency of the presentation. The author defines def(B), the deficiency of B, to be the maximum of the deficiencies of the finite presentations of B. If M is a finitely generated A-module, by sM is denoted the minimum number of generators of M.    The author proves: (1) Let B be a supplemented algebra over A such that B is finitely presented and let I be the augmentation ideal of B. Then \\(def(B)\\leq rank_ A(I/I^ 2)-sH_ 1(A,B,A);\\) (2) Let B be a supplemented algebra over A given by a presentation with \\(n+m\\) generators and m relators. Suppose that \\(x_ 1,x_ 2,...,x_ n\\) are elements of the augmentation ideal I of B such that \\(x_ 1,x_ 2,...,x_ n\\) generate B as an algebra over A. 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