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The paper is concerned with the following problem: Let \\(f: X\\to X\\) be an \u00e9tale endomorphism. Is f finite ?    For \\(X={\\mathbb{A}}^ n_ k\\), this problem is equivalent to the Jacobian conjecture. If X is complete, an \u00e9tale endomorphism \\(f: X\\to X\\) is always finite, and henceforth, discussions are focused on nonsingular, non-complete algebraic varieties. Results are obtained mainly for affine surfaces X. Using the logarithmic ramification formula of \\textit{S. Iitaka} [in Complex Analysis Algebraic Geometry, Collect. Pap. dedic. K. Kodaira, 175-189 (1977; Zbl 0351.14016)], it is first shown that a quasi-finite endomorphism \\(f: X\\to X\\) of a non-singular algebraic variety X with the logarithmic Kodaira dimension \\({\\bar\\kappa}(X) = \\dim(X)\\), is an automorphism (and hence finite). Thereafter, the discussions are concentrated on affine surfaces X with \\({\\bar \\kappa}(X)\\leq 1\\). Results are formulated as follows.    1. Suppose that \\({\\bar\\kappa}(X) = -\\infty\\) and that one of the following conditions is satisfied: (i) X is irrational but not elliptic ruled; (ii) \\(\\Gamma(X,{\\mathcal O}_ X)^*\\neq k^*\\) and rank\\((\\Gamma(X,{\\mathcal O}_ X)^*/k^*)\\geq 2\\) if X is rational. Then an \u00e9tale endomorphism \\(f: X\\to X\\) is an automorphism (and hence finite).    2. Let \\(\\phi: X\\to C\\) be an \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\)-fibration on an affine non-singular surface X over a non-singular curve C and let \\(f: X\\to X\\) be an \u00e9tale endomorphism such that \\(\\phi \\circ f=\\phi\\) and codim\\(_ X(X- f(X))\\geq 2\\). Then f is an automorphism (and hence finite) in each of the following cases:    (i) There exists a singular fiber \\(S=\\Gamma + \\Delta\\) of \\(\\phi\\) such that \\(\\Gamma =\\alpha_ 1\\Gamma_ 1+\\alpha_ 2\\Gamma_ 2\\), where \\(\\alpha_ 1,\\alpha_ 2\\geq 1\\), \\(\\Gamma_ 1\\cong \\Gamma_ 2\\cong {\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_ k\\) and \\(\\Gamma_ 1\\) and \\(\\Gamma_ 2\\) intersect transversally in a single point.    (ii) \\(\\Gamma (X,{\\mathcal O}_ X)^*=\\Gamma (C,{\\mathcal O}_ C)^*.\\)    (iii) \\(\\Gamma (C,{\\mathcal O}_ C)=k,\\) that is, C is complete, and there exists a singular fiber \\(S=\\Gamma +\\Delta\\) of \\(\\phi\\) such that \\(\\Gamma =\\alpha G_ 1\\) with \\(\\alpha\\geq 1\\) and \\(\\Gamma_ 1\\cong {\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*.\\)    3. Let \\(\\phi:X\\to C\\) be a surjective morphism from a non-singular affine surface X onto a non-singular curve C. Suppose that \\(\\phi\\) defines a twisted \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\)-fibration on X. Let \\(f: X\\to X\\) be an \u00e9tale endomorphism such that \\(\\phi \\circ f=\\phi\\) and codim\\(_ X(X-f(X))\\geq 2\\). Furthermore suppose that C is complete and that \\(\\phi\\) has a singular fiber \\(S=\\Gamma +\\Delta\\) with \\(\\Gamma\\neq 0\\). Then f is an automorphism (and hence finite).    4. Let X be a non-singular affine surface which is irrational and such that either \\({\\bar\\kappa}(X)=1\\) or \\({\\bar \\kappa}(X)=0\\). Then X has a surjective morphism \\(\\phi:X\\to C\\) onto a non-singular curve C which defines a \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\)-fibration or a twisted \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\)- fibration on X. Let \\(f: X\\to X\\) be an \u00e9tale endomorphism such that \\(co\\dim_ X(X-f(X))\\geq 2\\). Then \\(\\phi \\circ f=\\phi\\), and f is an automorphism (and hence finite) if \\(\\phi\\) has a singular fiber S satisfying the conditions of 3 or 4.    5. Several examples of \u00e9tale endomorphisms which are non-finite are discussed. We mention one such example. Let C be a non-singular cubic curve on \\({\\mathbb{P}}^ 2_ k\\) and let \\(X:={\\mathbb{P}}^ 2_ k-C\\). Then \\({\\bar\\kappa}(X)=0\\), and Pic\\((X)\\cong {\\mathbb{Z}}/3{\\mathbb{Z}}\\). X has no \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\)-fibrations nor twisted \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\)-fibrations. X has a surjective, non-finite, \u00e9tale endomorphism \\(f:X\\to X\\) of degree 3.- The proofs of these results rest on an analysis of singular fibers of an \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\)-fibration or a twisted \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\)- fibration.    Finally, a structure theorem is obtained for a non-singular affine surface X defined over the complex number field \\({\\mathbb{C}}\\), which has a finite \u00e9tale endomorphism \\(f:X\\to X\\) of degree \\(n>1\\). That is, such an affine surface X is one of the following: (i) Case \\({\\bar\\kappa}(X)=- \\infty\\). X is either \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_{{\\mathbb{C}}}\\times {\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\) or a relatively minimal elliptic ruled surface with one cross-section deleted. (ii) Case \\({\\bar\\kappa}(X)=0\\) or 1. We have either: (a) \\(X\\) is a rational surface with \\({\\bar\\kappa}(X)=0\\) such that, if \\((V,D)\\) is any non-singular completion of X with the boundary divisor D of simple normal crossings and if \\(D=D_ 1+...+D_ r\\) is the decomposition into irreducible components, any component \\(D_ i\\) is rational and \\((K^ 2_ V)\\leq 12-r\\); or (b) there exists a surjective morphism \\(\\phi: X\\to C\\) onto a non-singular curve C which defines an \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\)- fibration or a twisted \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\)-fibration and which has no singular fibers except those of the type \\(S=\\alpha \\Gamma_ 1\\) with \\(\\Gamma_ 1\\cong {\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_*\\). - The proof rests on the fact that the Euler characteristic of X is zero, and on the following theorem: Let X be a non-singular affine surface with an \u00e9tale endomorphism \\(f: X\\to X.\\) Suppose that \\(n=:\\deg (f)>1\\) and \\(co\\dim_ X(X-f(X))\\geq 2\\). Let \\(\\tilde X\\) be the normalization of the lower X in the function field of the upper X over \\({\\mathbb{C}}\\). Assume that \\(\\tilde X\\) is non-singular. When one regards the upper X as an open subset of X, then \\(\\tilde X-X\\) is a disjoint union of irreducible curves which are isomorphic to \\({\\mathbb{A}}^ 1_{{\\mathbb{C}}}.\\)    It is also remarked that if V is a non-singular projective surface over \\({\\mathbb{C}}\\) with an \u00e9tale endomorphism \\(f:V\\to V\\) of degree \\(>1\\), then V is one of the following: (i) Case \\(\\kappa(V)=-\\infty\\). V is a ruled surface over an elliptic curve. - (ii) Case \\(\\kappa(V)=0.\\) V is either an abelian surface or a hyperelliptic surface. - (iii) Case \\(\\kappa(V)=1.\\) V is an elliptic surface \\(\\phi:V\\to C\\) whose singular fiber, if any, is a multiple of a non-singular elliptic 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