{"entities":{"Q1820669":{"pageid":1831411,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1820669","lastrevid":69394305,"modified":"2026-04-13T06:42:17Z","type":"item","id":"Q1820669","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A primal-dual subgradient method for time staged capacity expansion planning"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3995408"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$3210DFCC-9A8F-47FC-9777-123FCC266978","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"fcb41291399ecabd6e879d3b97a0295bd2fd688c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A primal-dual subgradient method for time staged capacity expansion planning","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$B82A8E97-2679-4401-9324-A46139CE2EC4","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"50b9333f94bb5d7d3c43b7e4da741c0c1463d247","datavalue":{"value":"0614.90030","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$DD3DBB9A-814E-468B-8F7E-2FDF16E697C5","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"2887b6bbe266cb7d75008a21689b19ed5479f462","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0377-2217(86)90327-9","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$D5F43619-5B95-468D-8D64-09D42A72BB92","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"dac6a2f411ec5bd334b42b19fb2cd672b446bdc5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166230,"id":"Q166230"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$D1C8790C-2C7C-43BA-BB2F-7E0A75F783FA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"82767af71177f98569ab922f696e8b46bf10bac6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1318277,"id":"Q1318277"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$1368C831-CC85-4073-B8F7-A593DECFE076","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"38576f39a6df37711cb397d1408ced7e3814cc6e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":62319,"id":"Q62319"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$87074C6E-7340-42FE-9AD4-D621F373E4D5","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"63df7153432d81fa42019fcabb076c89649b0b5b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1986-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$9D30E33F-B915-45ED-9CE9-DAEC222FC521","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"7b475b6d8eb0be558b99a939cfdf5b8f23b95a05","datavalue":{"value":"We model capacity expansion problems as nondifferentiable convex programs. A dual to this problem is also formulated as a nondifferentiable convex program. The solution methodology we utilize is a primal-dual subgradient approach. Here the primal-dual pair is utilized in step length determination. The special structure of these capacity expansion problems also results in other simplifications. In particular, unlike the application of subgradient optimization for general convex programs, the test for feasibility in certain capacity expansion problems is straightforward. Further, quadratic programs associated with projection operators are also avoided by using the special problem structure. The algorithm is shown to be convergent. In order to illustrate the applicability of our methodology, we discuss its application to a time dynamic power generation capacity planning problem. Computational results with this application is also provided.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$DE8ADF3C-2824-49DA-8B8C-97C0FF4CE894","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6f87676c65161128847f8e2acd745d50c25801ce","datavalue":{"value":"90B05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$38FB2FB5-2A69-4353-BCC6-867B1E21AB45","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e038e5e16128fe63d90643b4c4804d63f3db1339","datavalue":{"value":"90C06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$18C9ECA0-D795-4130-ABE7-F1D44E287FA6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0b4fa5b59eb6fe6e43618f9e005f4a49f4390971","datavalue":{"value":"65K05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$240A90DD-D956-4E32-B9C2-4E6972A0D962","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"418d4d19aa7c87e33d52e580c9c108a1bc2de096","datavalue":{"value":"90C90","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$C8FF7BC7-5BCB-4023-A469-4035C4B74127","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"36d142e7ea03446b1d7deb9627eedb9f0297f86a","datavalue":{"value":"90C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$54F8C5F2-04EC-4508-B958-63E3D4DF2E70","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"2b20ea4aca16e9acd1e390190a6780050f3b560d","datavalue":{"value":"3995408","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$515860E8-B17F-4871-8A53-7C972AC24900","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c3360fa4ce763b925f121a15b5d96df23231ad72","datavalue":{"value":"large scale optimization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$AA4A6493-943E-42FF-9E7B-7E8327606305","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b6fb39d4643fe62cff64a8b28bf8c478b4f6226a","datavalue":{"value":"capacity expansion","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$4455F76B-0D4A-4B21-ACF7-38F7916CB6F2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a9e477ecce25e12a5bb6440d4f93f51f4c37160d","datavalue":{"value":"nondifferentiable convex programs","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$F3905AA1-EC34-4776-93C6-C0F7063CF2CD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"edc71b3bfb9f9a33c1479f39328a954562429042","datavalue":{"value":"primal-dual subgradient","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$D3E6000E-3916-4C69-A2D0-E0408FFE5D0C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"75e2133431fcb36ae2655ac1b4dea2ab23d22dbd","datavalue":{"value":"quadratic programs","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$889C6DE8-60EF-475E-A4E1-AC75A8C12586","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2661a0360bf1e96bc1f5b465a8070ac88ffa8a5b","datavalue":{"value":"Computational results","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$2A303E0D-2A8C-4713-A3B8-675FA4E836AD","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$528520A7-C6B1-415A-876E-4C43D2DB61BB","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"cfe315e372c84b3fc6cb7a17143f0a7083689ce3","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(86)90327-9","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$440F2745-F609-4F2A-AB87-D99879986BB3","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"06c4d777af77f66e3e646809967a53e233034fe5","datavalue":{"value":"W1987427342","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$1905205D-18A9-4282-809D-C350E8BB73F4","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"48013d686c1cab8208db285e4c79bd72e1bff389","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1149883,"id":"Q1149883"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$08C87B77-AC1F-407D-B0DB-8EA1A7EEEB9C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5d667c98d5d2f04ef16a41e610e3cddb0fe0d598","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3746755,"id":"Q3746755"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$064A5A42-596E-4240-8CB0-7F3B977514E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ac7423eb7b973f22a43b527059c45bf70a8a4cc7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3959731,"id":"Q3959731"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$A2E4A021-DE85-4373-8C65-47BAD64E34CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"824ea1f8dc54f42561cb16523e74bbd18b8cb20e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3220086,"id":"Q3220086"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$69F66A61-BE2F-4BE7-B518-A127A5E96B77","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"946daea0a7489aa6d59ff19dbec54ac3c5769030","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4110801,"id":"Q4110801"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$3DFB3988-C1CF-4B2E-B0DF-9FAB2AEA2376","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5aa2d250afb6032d6af0ee9ca4e7f45e70ed2cac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3914725,"id":"Q3914725"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$EC508E18-7F2E-441E-B407-C66C5F0B123E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"66c6dee1447d68b57ede6b7996054cc76151f07d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3914726,"id":"Q3914726"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$CBD5B0E5-D0E4-489A-87C7-557B5D670070","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8bea7828a4f88474614a0a37a4be80d1ae17b020","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5641019,"id":"Q5641019"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$FE18E4FF-F2C2-40A4-92A4-BBFC98547E8C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8634671064abab94a7b8dbe7f85bfc42274b7db2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4770776,"id":"Q4770776"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$FEDE16B6-88AB-445D-A741-5D028CC63E0E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"97ab135bc49f6adc3d7228263ffeef73056a07b0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3870661,"id":"Q3870661"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$3D68AEDB-5A67-4731-8214-69B474E74A9A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a49c45cfeee592259d7dad085948a609b194d064","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5630824,"id":"Q5630824"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$FA5E700B-7394-49EA-9047-5C29D7D122DE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1dbbe3ac3158330a6990b58a9a558d77085ad86b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4039868,"id":"Q4039868"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$15A84ACD-8CDE-43FD-B8D9-D3A7A3092221","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d3360e18486e579112d61cdd14206fd1d2b8aabe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5675136,"id":"Q5675136"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$B52125A5-F9C0-4B5D-8660-F8778F1D0A1E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"523038b85d1cacb7322ebbedf15f72c618cb3812","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5566712,"id":"Q5566712"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$50AF49BD-A3A1-4483-BBE7-40F939E5CFFB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b0514060598553ce5f79e01c9a70555cb928ca70","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5637833,"id":"Q5637833"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$E5EF9521-45C3-484E-8D2D-A2EC6521DEDA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d2aa4eeac790205c4037ea67c80426826ddde338","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5638112,"id":"Q5638112"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$EC7A4175-065A-47D4-A1D5-004B9DF084C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7aa164f603632bab01e6807f3900557a356b5aec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1166409,"id":"Q1166409"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$B70C6BB7-D729-444E-8B4F-4523AD96A396","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8f3785bf2ef48aaf6c57aca0aa4a694114758c11","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3340615,"id":"Q3340615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$C73EC549-CCEE-4C24-A0E7-4C90D4E277A2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e47da7df8b8eb06b0c210940eab78bf34d14d765","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3743071,"id":"Q3743071"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1820669$507AF0B9-2784-41EE-8466-7CF5321D6DFE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b9453cc2a55bd376fd00338c856f5511b8effe19","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1088898,"id":"Q1088898"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dd882ac2deedc03fd34f6fb68321447ecee4ee54","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.795356035232544","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1820669$5579DA4F-FE28-4781-BA07-63851D0D387A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a692b82df34a61fade94e5f1a8abef92cba72c04","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1063517,"id":"Q1063517"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3d006d4e2119fa9655187ffbf422d3db8b2bf73a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.787516176700592","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1820669$471F9773-3702-427F-9C6D-4C208B230D54","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d4547d1c6fddcfe6c6dbbdbcdc0127210fd8aef7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5749145,"id":"Q5749145"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cbb374b22785cd596a8f5a0860e2ee5e60b382a0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7522571086883545","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1820669$8A83B4DF-0A17-49CF-BC12-14C5668B27B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"52262d4db03ab2db7494ba844005d25cba2be68e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1266608,"id":"Q1266608"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4919bd45b7017a05d60aaeef461262d76ef41391","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7513114809989929","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1820669$0C2E1CDD-7C50-4CAC-861B-5392EF4CAD8E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9511b1fca8d655451ca8460f07169102701933cc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3725884,"id":"Q3725884"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ea84534f2c9c3b66079eed2d89688a8370051259","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7419835925102234","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1820669$2767D50D-0B97-4704-B4F8-6887EE1E5B4C","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A primal-dual subgradient method for time staged capacity expansion planning","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_primal-dual_subgradient_method_for_time_staged_capacity_expansion_planning"}}}}}