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J. Solids Struct. 21, 731-745 (1985; Zbl 0573.73015)], which can effectively solve two-dimensional problems of this kind, when cracks or cavities with sharp corners are suitably far apart. The method, however, breaks down when a crack or cavity is situated very close to the tip of another crack, which is the case when the process zone at the tip of a crack contains many micro-cracks.    In this work, modifications of the method of pseudo-tractions are introduced, which will permit effective calculation of the stress intensity factors when a large crack interacts with small cracks which are situated very close to its tip in its process zone. Explicit asymptotic expressions are obtained for the stress intensity factors of the macro-crack, as well as those of the micro-cracks. It is shown that the presence of the micro-cracks in the process zone of a macro-crack may induce out-of-plane crack growth even under far-field hydrostatic tension. 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