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D. Munn} [Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 93, 237-246 (1983; Zbl 0528.20053)] described the Jacobson radical of a semigroup algebra F[S], where F is a field and S is a commutative semigroup. Earlier \\textit{R. Gilmer} and \\textit{T. Parker} [Mich. Math. J. 22, 97-108 (1975; Zbl 0301.20064)] described the nil radical of a commutative semigroup ring (another description of that radical is given by \\textit{W. D. Munn} [Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. A 99, 387-398 (1985; Zbl 0565.20048)].    In the paper under review the next step is made - a description of the Jacobson radical of a commutative semigroup ring is given. Let S be a commutative semigroup, and let R be an associative ring (not necessarily commutative). If \\(\\rho\\) is a congruence on S, then \\(I(R,S,\\rho)=\\{\\sum (rs-rt)|\\) \\(r\\in R\\), (s,t)\\(\\in \\rho \\}\\). For any ring A, J(A) denotes the Jacobson radical of A. If A is an ideal of a ring B, then \\(A_ n=\\{x\\in B|\\) xn\\(\\in A\\}\\). Let n, m be positive integers; then  \\[  J_ n(R)=R\\cap J(R[x_ 1,...,x_ n],\\quad J_{n,m}(R)=(J_ n(R))_ m.  \\]  A semigroup S is separative (p-separative, p a prime integer) iff the quasi-identity \\([x^ 2=xy=y^ 2\\Rightarrow x=y]\\) (the quasi-identity \\(x^ p=y^ p\\Rightarrow x=y]\\) holds on S. A congruence \\(\\rho\\) on S is separative (p-separative) iff S/\\(\\rho\\) is separative (p-separative). By \\(\\xi\\) (resp. \\(\\xi_ p)\\) is denoted the least separative (p-separative) congruence on S. \\(\\xi\\) gives rise to an epimorphism R[S]\\(\\to R[S/\\xi]\\). Since the kernel of that mapping is I(R,S,\\(\\xi)\\) (and hence is known) it is enough to describe J(R[S]) for S separative. So assume that S is separative. Then \\(S=\\cup S_{\\alpha}\\) (\\(\\alpha\\in \\Gamma)\\) is a semilattice of cancellative semigroups \\(S_{\\alpha}\\) (\\(\\alpha\\in \\Gamma)\\). If this is the case, \\(\\Gamma\\) ' is a subset of \\(\\Gamma\\) : \\(\\alpha\\in \\Gamma '\\) iff \\(S_{\\alpha}\\) is not periodic. Let \\(S_ P\\) be a maximal periodic subsemigroup of S, and let \\(J(R,S_ P,\\Gamma ')=\\{\\sum a_{\\alpha}\\in J(R[S_ P])|\\) \\(a_{\\alpha}\\in R[(S_{\\alpha})_ P]\\}\\). Let \\({\\mathbb{P}}\\) be the set of all prime integers. The main result of the paper (theorem 3.10) states that, for S separative  \\[  J(R[S])=J_ 1(R)[S]+\\sum_{p\\in {\\mathbb{P}}}I(J_{1,p}(R),S,\\xi_ p)+J(R,S_ P,\\Gamma '),  \\]  provided \\(J_ 1(R)=J_{n+1}(R)\\) for all positive integers n. It is known that \\(J_ 1(R)=J_{n+1}(R)\\) for all positive n if R satisfies a polynomial identity, therefore the assertion of Theorem 3.10 holds for R 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