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According to M. Artin, there is a corresponding blowing down map on base spaces of versal deformations \\(\\tilde S\\to S\\), whose image is an irreducible component \\(S_{art}\\) of the moduli space of X. Via theorems of J. Lipman and the third author, \\(S_{art}\\) is smooth and is the quotient of \\(\\tilde S\\) by a product of Weyl groups.  We prove here that this last result is equivalent to a cohomological vanishing theorem on \\(\\hat X,\\) the rational double point resolution. Our method is to study the dual \\((T^ 1_ X)^*\\) of the tangent space to the deformations, and to prove the surjectivity of the map \\((T^ 1_ X)^*\\to (T^ 1_{\\hat X})^*\\). 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