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We generalize the theory of kernel operators on function spaces to linear maps \\(T: L^ p({\\mathcal M},\\mu)\\to L^ q({\\mathcal N},\\nu).\\) In this case a kernel operator is defined via imbeddings \\(I_ p: {\\mathcal M}\\to L^ p({\\mathcal M},\\mu)\\) and \\(I_{q'}: {\\mathcal N}\\to L^{q'}({\\mathcal N},\\mu)\\) \\((1/q+1/q'=1)\\) which are given by density operators. The linear map T: \\(L^ p({\\mathcal M},\\mu)\\to L^ q({\\mathcal N},\\nu)\\) is a kernel operator if there exists \\(k\\in L^ 1({\\mathcal M}{\\bar \\otimes}{\\mathcal N}^{{\\mathfrak op}},\\quad \\mu \\otimes \\nu)\\) (\\({\\mathcal N}^{{\\mathfrak op}}\\) denotes the opposite algebra) such that \\(<TI_ p(x),I_{q'}(y)>=\\mu \\otimes \\nu (k(x\\otimes y^{{\\mathfrak o}}))\\) for all \\(x\\in {\\mathcal M}\\) and all \\(y\\in {\\mathcal N}\\). With this definition we can prove the following theorems:    The kernel k of a kernel operator \\(T: L^ p({\\mathcal M},\\mu)\\to L^ q({\\mathcal N},\\nu)\\) is positive if and only if all the maps \\(T_ n: L^ p({\\mathcal M},\\mu)\\otimes M_ n\\to L^ q({\\mathcal N},\\nu)\\otimes M_ n,\\) \\([f_{ij}[\\mapsto [Tf_{ij}]\\) are positive. Any completely positive linear map T is the unique sum of a kernel operator and a map which dominates no other kernel operator. If \\({\\mathcal N}\\) is semidiscrete and T: \\(L^ p({\\mathcal M},\\mu)\\to L^ q({\\mathcal N},\\nu)\\) is a completely positive linear map then T is a kernel operator if and only if T is \\(\\sigma (L^ p({\\mathcal M},\\mu),L^{p'}({\\mathcal M},\\mu)-\\sigma (L^ q({\\mathcal N},\\nu),L^{q'}({\\mathcal N},\\nu))-\\)continuous and the maps \\((TI_ p)_ n\\) can be locally almost uniformly approximated by the matrices over a finite dimensional subspace \\({\\mathcal Y}\\subseteq {\\mathcal 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