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The main goal is to study ``monopoles'' over such 3-manifolds. These are pairs (A,\\(\\phi)\\) where A is a connection on a principal bundle over the 3-manifold, the Higgs field \\(\\phi\\) is a section of the vector bundle associated to the adjoint representation, and the curvature, F of A is related to the covariant derivative \\(\\nabla \\phi\\) of \\(\\phi\\) by the Bogomolny equation \\(F=*\\nabla \\phi.\\)    The strategy used systematically in this paper is to represent objects over a hyperbolic 3-manifold M by corresponding objects over a compact 4- manifold X which are invariant under a circle action. In the case when M is hyperbolic 3-space the corresponding 4-manifold is the 4-sphere, the case studied by \\textit{M. F. Atiyah} [``Magnetic monopoles on hyperbolic spaces'', in: Vector bundles on algebraic varieties, Pap. Colloq., Bombay 1984, Stud. Math., Tata Inst. Fundam. Res. 11, 1-33 (1987)]. In general the circle acts on X with a number of fixed surfaces \\(\\Sigma_ i\\) and \\(X\\setminus \\cup \\Sigma_ i\\) is \\(M\\times S^ 1\\). (The 4-manifold X has a conformally-flat metric and this is a conformal identification.) All 3- manifolds associated to Kleinian groups without cusps can be obtained in this way.    The first application the author gives of these ideas is to the classification of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Using the division of the conformally flat manifolds into positive, zero, and negative scalar curvature types he shows that if the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of a geometrically finite Kleinian group (without cusps) is less than 1 then the group is Schottky, while if the dimension is 1 the group is Schottky, Fuchsian or extended Fuchsian. He then goes on to consider the Hodge theory on M and shows that the spaces of \\(L^ 2\\) harmonic 1-forms and 2-forms on M are isomorphic to the two factors \\(H^ 1(M,\\partial)\\), \\(H^ 2(M)\\) in \\(H^ 2(X)\\). The attraction of this approach is that working on the conformal compactification X one sidesteps the analytical difficulties associated to the non-compact manifold M.    Turning to monopoles: it is well known that solutions of the Bogomolny equation correspond to invariant Yang-Mills instantons in 4-dimensions, and in this case monopoles over M correspond to \\(S^ 1\\)-invariant instantons on X. More precisely, to obtain a smooth solution over X one must impose the condition that the norm of the Higgs field \\(\\phi\\) tends to an integer on each boundary component.    The author uses the Penrose-Ward twistor correspondence to study the instantons over the 4-manifold X, which correspond to holomorphic bundles over a twistor space Z. The \\(S^ 1\\) action on X induces a \\({\\mathbb{C}}^*\\) action on Z, and the holomorphic bundle is \\({\\mathbb{C}}^*\\)-invariant. In simple cases the quotient \\(Z/{\\mathbb{C}}^*\\) is a Hausdorff complex surface T, and the monopole corresponds to a holomorphic bundle over T. The author shows how to adapt some of the ``spectral curve'' techniques used by Hitchin in the study of monopoles on \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ 3\\) [\\textit{N. J. Hitchin}, Commun. Math. Phys. 83, 579-602 (1982; Zbl 0502.58017)] to his situation. He also produces some explicit solutions to the Bogomolny equations over solid handlebodies, which correspond to 4-manifolds of the form \\(S^ 2\\times 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