{"entities":{"Q1854624":{"pageid":1865366,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1854624","lastrevid":69122277,"modified":"2026-04-13T04:55:39Z","type":"item","id":"Q1854624","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Hierarchy of \\((2+1)\\)-dimensional nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger equation, self-dual Yang-Mills equation, and toroidal Lie algebras."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1854190"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$763E107C-A03E-4439-B885-73ABF0438971","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"56d6b0ebcf664ea5ba78fc476aacfdba290a23a9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Hierarchy of \\((2+1)\\)-dimensional nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger equation, self-dual Yang-Mills equation, and toroidal Lie algebras.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$AD2BA6C3-6919-463D-A100-4ADF9DB8F7C9","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"c79b225f2d33584f4b9df58c492b69ae82e8a481","datavalue":{"value":"1054.35093","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$24A11929-7382-45E6-B459-C083E685A0DF","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0ac806ad9741e458a1d574fcdeffab0f144bb417","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":970344,"id":"Q970344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$ED968B7D-75AA-42B1-A974-2F422B6E6828","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"50b2ed246b23ca5a2fb9f76410bbee29c786280e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":315836,"id":"Q315836"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$88DA0B3D-82A3-4722-B3D8-F9C3223193A2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1f0247e62bca5eb396d19ceb1b1791f61ac391b2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":352433,"id":"Q352433"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$AD9114F7-67B7-485E-AD7E-BC1BE06A3CD4","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"10c6de6a10c03c5a2537356e75f97f04a6080c3c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166925,"id":"Q166925"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$47A644D6-9D75-4F06-A908-BC39178F9467","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"111dc11587271f29bffc5b4de8ed3b84d4c073f3","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2003-05-13T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$F6F14559-9CF8-43BE-B351-F98CE46A8B90","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a19e88ee7f95c3caa93882624c5ba23974ce33da","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/nlin/0107065","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$A049C162-33B7-412F-BDFB-871271364FD0","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"5fbe9e2cfac93f44dedec590bdb095c9e038a65c","datavalue":{"value":"In this very thorough, clear and self-contained account, the authors generalize to the (2+1)-dimensional case (2-space, 1-time dimensions) the most salient features of the KP or NLS (nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger) hierarchy.  The motivation is provided by the equation:  \\[  {\\mathbf i} u_T+u_{XY}+2u\\int^X(| u| ^2)_Y\\,dX=0  \\]  previously studied by several authors [cf. \\textit{O. I. Bogoyavlenskij}, Russ. Math. Surv. 45, No. 4, 1--86 (1990); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 45, No. 4 (274), 17--77 (1990; Zbl 0754.35127)], included the last two named in the present work. This equation was also related to the self-dual Yang-Mills equation [cf. \\textit{J. Schiff}, Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Sainte-Ad\u00e8le, Canada, September 3-7, 1990, NATO ASI Ser., Ser. B, Phys. 278, 393--405 (1992; Zbl 0875.35082)].  In this paper, the matrix-pseudodifferential operator version of the hierarchy is found; a polynomial ansatz in the spectral parameter then allows the authors to provide double-Wronskian (soliton) solutions, which belong to a Grassmannian. The Riemann-Hilbert (factorization) method for solution is also provided, as well as a Hirota-type bilinear identity. A very important feature of the hierarchy is the ``toroidal Lie algebra'' representation. The toroidal Lie algebra is essentially a universal central extension of a loop algebra in several loop variables; such models were also previously studied [cf. \\textit{R. V. Moody}, \\textit{S. Eswara Rao} and \\textit{T. Yokonuma}, Geom. Dedicata 35, No. 1--3, 283--307 (1990; Zbl 0704.17011)]. The authors establish a boson-fermion correspondence, and a representation-theoretic proof of the bilinear identities.  One section is devoted to reality conditions for the solutions.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$51509308-4ED2-43F7-8FC1-54A21052F331","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"2a16162185a20e144b92630bec8915d8d69363be","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":189614,"id":"Q189614"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$9E889CE0-44E6-4FCB-8FDE-57F4F64A1A00","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c353c8426e71d59333c75e702cc47eb91e1e89d0","datavalue":{"value":"35Q55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$5E78BB22-FFC0-43EB-844A-428056E9053A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3d13d2e35604aa6859ee6858b48d4285c2c3e0c1","datavalue":{"value":"37K10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$346E5860-3A18-4A31-BEB6-1B3C6A94A754","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d68167a7d127bccdbdc44fc8876ff438876b5b8a","datavalue":{"value":"37K15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$6EB9570B-001D-4EE5-B62E-66B480A3F535","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"49be75c5d78bce6c8ce491b9b5e7dec2d9988803","datavalue":{"value":"81R10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$E9B1E0B0-162E-4856-902E-EA98D4D8C368","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"905925f45043050257dd16aa5b7e0acd44f37e67","datavalue":{"value":"1854190","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$88FD659B-40E3-426B-9259-16200EED3B73","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5a9053329ed7f73e46382c580780253e58116ccd","datavalue":{"value":"Hirota bilinear operator","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$ACB16BA0-A86E-47C7-83CD-53BEBA0CF53F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a23ced3416243cf2970c3a8c0603f5161e82b7da","datavalue":{"value":"formal Baker-Akhiezer function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$4300C23C-A026-4978-B3CC-976B4C6E3A15","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"23260d89b5c8b39251eeb86178bb073faf98e572","datavalue":{"value":"loop algebras","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$B2CD1611-BE4A-4AD1-A890-9FFEDD16FD9F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"966b082b11db531053b982f25ea867b93375bdc0","datavalue":{"value":"Riemann-Hilbert problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$696EAB7E-A2BB-405A-9DCE-5EAE3B5968E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ef1b2f1ee89af0b0a53a27d79390edaf1a34f5b5","datavalue":{"value":"boson-fermion correspondence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$35203965-07F3-45D4-98F9-F3A1BD963410","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$1C283F57-74D4-414C-B9E3-73DB4FD99CE1","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"1ff26cffffe2d747e388b6bdc851df1904f9b037","datavalue":{"value":"W3098053900","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$2E2331C8-2788-45CC-AD5F-D241628129E7","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"60bb47116cef190a6fc7623db4738ca10411fb7c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00023-002-8638-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1854624$A94F6911-7A7F-49A9-88EF-0C26840AF1F3","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d241d280c01e169932f759e0da38ecec2e4369b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":644456,"id":"Q644456"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a5566432878785bf0788d6405d8e932a7bc1b9f8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7934575","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1854624$B2B7A40E-4ACA-4A0B-A795-C5B2C15C3D42","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9f58ba271573d16fa2a3c8e1547c31ac249ed04e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1057425,"id":"Q1057425"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ab0214d9357053b28443c55d2591def76c1f551b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.79192173","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1854624$A937E87F-4526-4B90-B978-5FE057C0DEB1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ad9e9677b2ed4f8fc8694e1dfadb452c70b02b3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4307789,"id":"Q4307789"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"363dad28f9d31b200dc96affb9b8e6ed067f3c74","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7905911","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1854624$6A28511A-DBB6-4209-A7E2-F5C8BF9199B9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"91e00dde66a608f5fdb569f676df2bf809f88ce1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5701879,"id":"Q5701879"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fbeaaf3ff26c4cadbabedd3c0d034358195a370e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.78495455","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1854624$654237E6-35D9-4E26-B457-8DB531AACDAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"70b608b106a8f6f08590f332d77b7c2fd9893576","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4491708,"id":"Q4491708"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"12147d8ad22d2b3efaa13af0981c8a06b13786ac","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7846883","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1854624$1F81225F-B1F0-4AF0-8AF0-D4EDCC47279A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1ec552c9d5147f3c961cd4c7397733b6ed5a3540","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1825381,"id":"Q1825381"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2031a8da12ccb17c93b0f118df165b7b13bcbbec","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.78424615","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1854624$FE64478B-B7BE-4EEE-A513-33E5E88A47CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5f9ee58850be98823643dbf49e87c963f165c1b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2009411,"id":"Q2009411"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2f4488b8fda2eb340dffa3053948c4dd9f38a3ce","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.78042996","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1854624$7E9EA57E-BF2E-4FEB-89B4-E1313A6477B9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"76ef2ed162fd78c60359046641f93cbfbf76c5e8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3695721,"id":"Q3695721"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2ecd36e07f9be54fc99ee98a17ec4eb1f43e72b1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.777256","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1854624$79D0234A-59BA-4853-90BA-308869C602CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f879223678b004ad36677f45c5c3a717ec6b9acb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4022032,"id":"Q4022032"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e8d972811d657082f2d9f797209fe9e872873189","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7755519","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1854624$5E7B4BD9-C6CA-44CA-99EB-5CC5D351D4D4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4136efb6f89a62fcfea52ffdc8029f200031c014","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4656304,"id":"Q4656304"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ebdf123cb231b00267e14b3a6d018e9fdb660a95","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7744042","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1854624$E7D8B8D4-283B-4701-8430-B44BF7FFBF20","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Hierarchy of \\((2+1)\\)-dimensional nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger equation, self-dual Yang-Mills equation, and toroidal Lie algebras.","badges":[]}}}}}