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The authors generalize the notion of complexity of manifolds introduced by \\textit{S. V. Matveev} [ Acta Appl. Math. 19, No.2, 101-130 (1990; Zbl 0724.57012)], extending it to non-closed (possibly non-orientable) manifolds. They consider pairs \\((M,X)\\) where \\(M\\) is a \\(3\\)-manifold, and \\(X\\subset\\partial M\\) is a trivalent graph such that each connected component of \\(\\partial M-X\\) is an open disk. With this extra structure, the complexity \\(c(M,X)\\) is additive under connected sum. When \\(M\\) is closed (so that \\(X=\\emptyset\\)), irreducible, \\(P^2\\)-irreducible and different from \\(S^3,L_{3,1},P^3\\), its complexity is equal to the minimal number of tetrahedra in a triangulation of \\(M\\). Moreover, given any \\(n\\geq 0\\), there are only finitely many irreducible and \\(P^2\\)-irreducible closed manifolds having complexity \\(n\\). A decomposition theorem for irreducible and \\(P^2\\)-irreducible pairs \\((M,X)\\) along tori and Klein bottles, such that the complexity is additive on this splitting, is proved. This result leads to an algorithm which classifies 3-manifolds of any given complexity. This algorithm has been already implemented by the authors, and the classification has been obtained, in the orientable case, up to complexity 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