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Let \\(K\\) be a number field embedded in \\(\\mathbb C\\), let \\(X\\) be a smooth algebraic variety over \\(K\\) (i.e., an integral separated scheme of finite type over \\(K\\)), and let \\(F\\) be an algebraic subbundle of the tangent bundle \\(T_X\\). We assume that \\(F\\) is involutive; i.e., closed under the Lie bracket. Then \\(F\\) defines a holomorphic foliation of the complex manifold \\(X(\\mathbb C)\\).  This paper proves that the leaf \\(\\mathcal F\\) through a rational point \\(P\\in X(K)\\) is algebraic if the following local conditions are satisfied:  (i) for almost all prime ideals \\(\\mathfrak p\\) of the ring of integers \\({\\mathfrak O}_K\\) of \\(K\\), the \\(p\\)-curvature of the reduction modulo \\(\\mathfrak p\\) of the subbundle \\(F\\subseteq T_X\\) vanishes at \\(P\\) (here \\(p\\) is the prime of \\(\\mathbb Z\\) lying below \\(\\mathfrak p\\)); and  (ii) the manifold \\(\\mathcal F\\) satisfies the Liouville property: Every plurisubharmonic function on \\(\\mathcal F\\) bounded from above is constant. [For example, \\(\\mathcal F\\) satisfies the Liouville property if it is a holomorphic image of a complex algebraic variety minus a closed analytic subset.]  These conditions are (in the words of the author) ``almost necessary'', in the sense that (ii) is necessary, and for almost all \\(\\mathfrak p\\), the \\(p\\)-curvature vanishes at the point where \\(P\\) meets the closed fiber at \\(\\mathfrak p\\).  As an application, let \\(G\\) be an algebraic group over \\(K\\). Then a \\(K\\)-Lie subalgebra \\(\\mathbf h\\) of \\(\\text{Lie\\,} G\\) is algebraic if and only if for almost all primes \\(\\mathfrak p\\) of \\(\\mathcal O_K\\), the reduction modulo \\(\\mathfrak p\\) of \\(\\mathbf h\\) is a restricted Lie subalgebra of the reduction modulo \\(\\mathfrak p\\) of \\(\\text{Lie\\,} G\\) (i.e., it is stable under \\(p\\)-th powers). This solves an (unpublished) conjecture of \\textit{T. Ekedahl} and \\textit{N. Shepherd-Barron}.  The proof relies on ``transcendence techniques'', except that the traditional construction of auxiliary polynomials is replaced by the use of ``slopes'' for hermitian vector bundles over arithmetic curves, via the language of Arakelov geometry. This method was introduced by the author's work building on the work of Masser and W\u00fcstholz [see \\textit{J.-B. 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