{"entities":{"Q1861898":{"pageid":1872640,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1861898","lastrevid":48060718,"modified":"2026-01-03T12:38:35Z","type":"item","id":"Q1861898","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Contextual deontic logic: Normative agents, violations and independence"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1878960"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$13029897-D0D2-4923-A170-A141D28CC4F5","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"4f6eb154d565f440aceed0cd9a50d22dfa8dc258","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Contextual deontic logic: Normative agents, violations and independence","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$72747F34-B568-4C5F-824D-38CF1ACFE3BE","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"1549674bb0be854783d34983fab7576565912d7b","datavalue":{"value":"1026.68132","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$0BC76A5B-57C3-429B-BF8F-22767640BE2A","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"70b086f6cc25c714a76377fa7de79285bd9f9ce5","datavalue":{"value":"10.1023/A:1020207321544","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$01112B39-3C19-4D89-A59D-47727FBCC8B7","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8562637550295888a676099b1ca72fba25ae5858","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":185573,"id":"Q185573"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$3F7E5181-AD7E-4C95-BA67-1CD736664F25","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7346dc34d1d50fea46ec345fbc7e3214530889ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":276517,"id":"Q276517"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$24C36EDD-51BA-4B83-8381-770BF5D8AECD","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"20f463f17fc7e9c2632ed067be3b2803defc648e","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2003-03-10T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$209AA5F8-FDD5-4359-8A62-7A1B4B73CADF","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"8cbf04eb3e450181c825f2f9fa59a9974259bf39","datavalue":{"value":"The author argues for deontic logic as a tool for studying those multi-agent systems where agents have to think about the consequences of violations, by themselves or by others, of the norms of behaviour in the system. He also suggests that the best kind of deontic logic to use in such studies is his recently developed `contextual deontic logic'. This is inspired by a distinction between two different ways in which a norm may be defeasible. The norm may be valid in ordinary circumstances but not in certain exceptional (but possibly deontically neutral) ones. Or it may be valid in ideal situations but not in certain subideal (but possibly unexceptional) ones.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$6EC3C0C5-1727-4272-9396-CABAB5908542","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"e221a0164f502dd7b3593304ff005c15e95c5976","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":185572,"id":"Q185572"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$EFEE0E35-7B5C-47F0-ADF0-D344DB8EEDAA","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"62ae2f4e9717dc72a20d2c4f17bdde30d85a417c","datavalue":{"value":"68T27","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$8128E397-2576-4579-A7A9-929486F97965","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"81ba1a045a2037276aea9aeb7e223aab3c4744ec","datavalue":{"value":"68T01","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$050A750D-4525-46BA-BD1B-ADE42E4D70C0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e5fc7548a088c6adbca46bc2b360c9c1f16dd155","datavalue":{"value":"1878960","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$E94409D3-2A86-4515-B1D1-F5D7F1B0F06F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1cbf5117dabd8622a849856d4a56ceec1d48654d","datavalue":{"value":"deontic logic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$1D2003C2-12A7-4D07-878E-F1A369DCE97A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"27a8afa7221e38680e69585fcdd79f034745fe70","datavalue":{"value":"defeasibility","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$FD188DCD-9464-46CF-8471-B7DA9F608141","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1a829109cf1b13c6a49ea21a0a15613fff206716","datavalue":{"value":"contrary-toduty","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$311F90CE-24B3-4763-B2BC-E1EC5B6C4F7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7e1a96ed6ffe2ea3d9e59077ea94ebf582551c14","datavalue":{"value":"independence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$844D6E63-8832-4052-BFCB-020335029D19","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$BE6665F2-FD7D-4DBB-96B7-33F6E0BC679A","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"dcb6993584159b7fae7bbdf220cf10547633a1e6","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1020207321544","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$5223ABE7-AB6A-496A-BE04-904E8B372B59","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"8fbc67b4d230f9f8917e365954faa1b68bbfe8d9","datavalue":{"value":"W1481489750","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1861898$CB8DF23E-32ED-4436-A180-0410CA3413FA","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"66288fa6ba11591d4bb31e4b56e781f38febd626","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2901204,"id":"Q2901204"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6341a79a7dae821052c8cfa63ef5c8c52cdf4de5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7941663265228271","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1861898$7700F2B1-1A82-47A8-AB0C-85A268901480","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"07fdd1c1a6faa1c7f3e93dcc7be98fa3db3a55ee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2939297,"id":"Q2939297"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"42c1fbd6718b213260db49e329745b5ecbfbac65","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.791306734085083","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1861898$AC988CC5-9EAB-4C17-A895-FCA5952D5D15","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9dd4891e60d5d3848a362dbc3ed33c0354dc2fce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4993609,"id":"Q4993609"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9372d81fe6a968f94a0d03b2f827c2dec8f9462c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7889854311943054","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1861898$AB8BE9E2-2BB4-47CF-AEC5-8E9EE96A9DB9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"215617836da15ae6a857ce5612aafdad84190d91","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4941946,"id":"Q4941946"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9b84422747df18bb9dfc65d9d10135e1f930ea8b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7867540121078491","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1861898$561D4D1B-D952-496A-8345-1764EA2B7EF7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ae3a83b64d0deaedd416cba31d6ed64bd37fe6bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4524507,"id":"Q4524507"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a6343846e151d1c32332cc75d2736944cf80aeb4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7801041007041931","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1861898$3A1687F1-5072-4878-BC81-DF813512D541","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1861898","badges":[]}}}}}