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For each \\(A\\in F^{n\\times n}\\) define \\(R_{F}(A)\\) to be the minimum of \\text{rank}\\((A-\\lambda I)\\) for \\(\\lambda\\in F\\). It is known [see \\textit{G. N. Oliveira, E. M. S\u00e1} and \\textit{J. A. Dias de Silva}, Linear Multilinear Algebra 5, 119-128 (1977; Zbl 0367.15010)] that \\(n-R_{F}(A)\\) is equal to the number of nonconstant invariant factors of \\(A\\).    In the present paper the authors prove that, for each \\(A\\in F^{n\\times n}\\), the value of \\(R_{F}(XA+AX)\\) runs over \\(0,1,\\dots ,2 \\text{rank}(A)\\) as \\(X\\) runs over \\(F^{n\\times n}\\). They also prove a similar, but more complicated, theorem (involving the degrees of the invariant factors of \\(A)\\) for the values of \\(R_{F}(XA+AX)\\) when \\(X\\) is restricted to the invertible matrices in \\(F^{n\\times 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