{"entities":{"Q1864138":{"pageid":1874880,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1864138","lastrevid":72837546,"modified":"2026-04-14T08:09:55Z","type":"item","id":"Q1864138","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Skew loops and quadric surfaces"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1883364"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$709DB528-3A43-4181-A08A-C694B620EEB7","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"3a7e271cc78e673b1596720db68dfe47e7c9a86f","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Skew loops and quadric surfaces","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$512F7F0B-CBC5-4D82-982B-B6202418B433","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"c59ee9aec264cc36b9fd4a91cfbfe63acd9bd9e3","datavalue":{"value":"1029.53002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$192EFC0C-8A1B-4C4A-AB99-15211C1D384B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f1fe9f2c20042ccb7f3120512d0e5e8fed021e5d","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/PL00012441","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$BDA013BF-8353-424F-97A8-F7C2D876BB8C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2a2aad7687241748912887baf0ce448d3f506625","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":223434,"id":"Q223434"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$D323CAA0-0AC3-411B-B247-1CFDD7767851","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6af34727e006da10dac967c5a35631fc29dc15c5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":424801,"id":"Q424801"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$C6741F70-6933-4415-8666-62351CE5F1E2","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"5fcb6cd43a0998d068add0035faca6247a2e2036","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":185403,"id":"Q185403"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$6E4B86E1-A14E-4A9E-8F3F-C9741D0040C9","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f16346e24a9735346850efed452ba0cf0c31d7d0","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2003-03-17T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$0EE78F3D-1EFF-4342-B2A6-6681542ADE72","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"15e12dfc9ecdbc8e5ba3e1e6190328abc0fbd198","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0205222","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$F23D6373-5100-42D5-B40B-2C9034C38034","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"87181d4c84f3008511fcd701666f1b1b2cd1617f","datavalue":{"value":"A skew loop is a closed space curve without parallel tangent lines. The authors prove: The only complete \\(C^2\\) surfaces in \\(\\mathbb{R}^3\\) with a point of positive Gauss curvature which contain no \\(C^2\\) skew loops are the quadrics (Theorem 1.1), in particular: ellipsoids are the only closed \\(C^2\\) surfaces immersed in \\(\\mathbb{R}^3\\) which admit no \\(C^2\\) skew loops; on the other hand: Any cylinder with a strictly convex asymmetric \\(C^2\\) base contains a skew loop with nonvanishing curvature (Prop. 4.1).   Theorem 1.1 is proved by a sequence of intermediate results: every \\(C^2\\) loop on the sphere \\(S^2\\) is regularly homotopic in \\(S^2\\) to its own tantrix; positively curved surfaces admit no skew figure-eights; convex quadrics have no skew loops; surfaces without skew loops have symmetric local cross sections. By a result of W. Blaschke, the last property characterizes the quadrics, and thus gives Theorem 1.1.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$7E188B99-DE04-4152-962A-8CB6A7FB0505","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"92748ab81ad2a4e49256cb5f57aa60dae31ca924","datavalue":{"value":"53A04","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$EB647C46-27BE-4640-89F0-F45EFD5E63A9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2537c8eda8fd9c8bf8aaf5e36a2f684e2bb8e905","datavalue":{"value":"53A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$3D5DAC89-3C79-48ED-8CF7-0C2A3E70DA5F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8b7aea08d486b042608d16accebed421d15f6e04","datavalue":{"value":"53C45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$021B4BFD-4294-46D4-B535-5D125B379334","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"eacb4c12e7e48991b8c7d74dfa28473bc9ec7a41","datavalue":{"value":"52A15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$BB73E2B5-73A7-46AC-B50B-D8EAC622B5D2","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"501df10d73358a9dda4af4408b8345925ce0c6d2","datavalue":{"value":"1883364","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$98ABD0C3-09EF-4995-AE90-9ABA54B739F7","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8d64d8596fab084ac4a74eaf664f852e468908df","datavalue":{"value":"quadric","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$BC20538E-F503-4D8D-9606-35DDFDFFE107","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b801048dcd88051df4e956924ec394ba64a3936c","datavalue":{"value":"closed curve","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$BF6ED71E-AF62-4292-B185-51C429F4B037","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0ce1824cd1d7aeeafb903ca2d5b1994d59526668","datavalue":{"value":"skew loop","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$BDB52748-3455-42C2-82C7-E33E327E7E61","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4f104462069afc865f49f5204dbbd7e70a765712","datavalue":{"value":"tantrix","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$255B5018-D3DC-4E30-908E-98EFE5CFCE01","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1864138$6673446A-E4C6-4795-9DD1-2CBE44279D8B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6f18ddf5e6debdb3508949f3448c7b2f724cf5f2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5313354,"id":"Q5313354"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a5f5cf26b3bfcbfaee28e2bb7d85820626141616","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8129845857620239","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1864138$4C3B4440-00F7-4E4A-8411-F7C1F0FF6720","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2af80c6fda28632d480a2fe19225d7ede8e4bd96","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4440936,"id":"Q4440936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0305fe483e3fac1a5f8a4508a3237bc7be2318aa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7970132827758789","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1864138$5B196566-7F79-4F00-BBB0-79EF6F696001","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"96732e576c53953f352d15a8ce8c79d0914d0e99","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2467176,"id":"Q2467176"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"34f4b04395aeb383f7053e54808bb5baa6d968ba","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7700002193450928","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1864138$902E588E-74A2-4312-BEB5-E6538515BD0B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9168a4d2e493a53cadb085677785ed787f895d76","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2384745,"id":"Q2384745"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e12c8759188bfa939278d6c80885bc408ec93919","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7421392798423767","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1864138$B723A676-83F4-4CA6-8B89-3FC312C8AFBA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2f53f10a5c01b20344c58beca18d548ff08c1787","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":424802,"id":"Q424802"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"92f627b64b020ea0672b6c4cae6af937521398ba","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7402430772781372","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1864138$43980C7B-DCD9-4C14-862A-94DC81913D54","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Skew loops and quadric surfaces","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Skew_loops_and_quadric_surfaces"}}}}}