{"entities":{"Q1865603":{"pageid":1876345,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1865603","lastrevid":73683264,"modified":"2026-04-14T16:54:24Z","type":"item","id":"Q1865603","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The Hermitian level of composition algebras"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1889172"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$1E1B4BCB-0350-49D4-9075-7E03AD7DA039","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"ba7817568cdcc9b7964c39d81ccb12921cf2fa6e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The Hermitian level of composition algebras","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$2EB7D4F4-BB64-4BCD-A706-8A6F92B7852C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"2bdfa6fa6a050dbd3d2bd860b4c722d0aefd4e93","datavalue":{"value":"1037.17007","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$818F1B47-460E-4018-966E-65100D008DB6","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2958fa71d487999c88f0b8ba7fc04d563f6a0592","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":418439,"id":"Q418439"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$CA6BCC6A-ED1B-4B92-9B44-D2364C78933C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1927ad9a011ac0408c53f613f68ebb126d165afd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":216850,"id":"Q216850"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$BC6C7503-B72A-4FDD-938F-FD241525B490","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"ccf4732529e8c1929b9b7c946ba3218942108f00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":167493,"id":"Q167493"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$DCCDD0FB-5396-48DF-A7C6-DC841D14778B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"3f004312de52306fc7600bb16bd0709c1b334f36","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2003-03-27T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$4F099A69-1EC5-4035-8388-FBD2F29D1D51","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"f69ea24f6ab12a7b848be38f8ccf785d7c0bb4dd","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(A\\) be a nonassociative unital ring and let \\(\\tau\\) be an involution on \\(A\\), i.e., an anti-automorphism of period~\\(2\\). The hermitian level of \\((A,\\tau)\\), denoted \\(S_{h}(A,\\tau)\\), is the smallest number of terms in a representation of \\(-1\\) as a sum of elements of the form \\(\\tau(a)a\\) (with the convention that \\(S_{h}(A,\\tau)=\\infty\\) if no such representation exists). The case where \\(A\\) is a quaternion algebra was considered in \\textit{D. W. Lewis} [J. Algebra 115, 466--480 (1988; Zbl 0644.10017)] and \\textit{A. Serhir} [Commun. Algebra 25, 2531--2538 (1997; Zbl 0885.11029)]. In the present paper, the authors extend the results of Lewis and Serhir by investigating the case where \\(A\\) is an arbitrary composition algebra over a ring \\(R\\) where \\(2\\) is invertible. The main results are obtained for semilocal rings \\(R\\): the hermitian level of the standard involution is then shown to be a power of \\(2\\) when it is finite, and any power of \\(2\\) occurs as the hermitian level of a non-standard involution which is the identity on \\(R\\). Some bounds are obtained in the case where the involution does not restrict to the identity on \\(R\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$19A57D69-AEDD-4CD3-9BD6-8B260ED6FB2D","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"139c08ed1708f58d4d3564f39657ffe955163b4a","datavalue":{"value":"17A75","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$0DB0786D-7471-4C43-A57E-A6F45B00AAB3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e8436fa6383d5cf49e2aac5112558e08842a6b4e","datavalue":{"value":"16W10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$470A64A5-C83A-4D50-8B68-B648E72789AE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"96824c1952dce65ca1e0d6b3c06e68a00a60bf8c","datavalue":{"value":"11E81","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$49727BDF-7B7B-479E-85CD-93C84341D914","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"aea431084d85e736db43bd0ee133586a0d640496","datavalue":{"value":"1889172","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$B7032F5A-54FE-42C3-9B00-8C1160B760E1","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3b21a850b7f82731495a428e4fe63c51a2a4225e","datavalue":{"value":"composition algebra","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$A5B5E899-3796-4F87-9710-B61019FC3B49","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7a4edfbbae10f51c03a0767ecf26d0d454aeb01a","datavalue":{"value":"sums of squares","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$D7448692-8B4D-4C7C-893D-DF7E6D00605F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"10c1d15a531e2897f64813780935b3ed489233ed","datavalue":{"value":"level","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$8C161739-39C7-4099-8587-CB39ADA092E6","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"1ee1fee0f9ada06c2765342ffca01d488236757a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":593313,"id":"Q593313"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$8316AAB5-C2A8-4F1F-A17E-B6A3577BC3AF","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$78E92B4F-C67E-4B08-A97E-1978D2CAF4E8","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"d8217e1d7489cb8dddd2e628f0a6001af00a3aee","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00229-002-0323-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$1750F753-58A0-4C45-9CFD-4D2CAC0FFDC8","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a814a2f592dbcaeb5e9db9796da2195002bfc408","datavalue":{"value":"W1986001441","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$7347220B-AFED-43AC-9558-3330079771EB","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"6f489c628aaeb1f9c2da8be76bf73e369cab075e","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00229-002-0323-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1865603$A83CA349-60F7-4C1D-AE54-E9199C2D17C7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6c88b9233e344cb6f91c243ccc0ec35ccbc46128","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1102316,"id":"Q1102316"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c392e2dd6d356bc06b33a7b124587d62820e4ab6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8420714139938354","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1865603$D8591AE3-BC20-4FBA-B3DA-4137FBE9F0A9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d207705fd25e2ea8ac0279c27cd3241aa29e0727","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4799311,"id":"Q4799311"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1310d6bf478e049572aaa5a5fca4bf489d2af9c7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8393890261650085","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1865603$FB33A8EA-AB45-4C22-9F60-70730199ED7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"83ae3e9b012068b24d3e5b2c56a2fbe4061e59c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4613876,"id":"Q4613876"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"22a98e2b7594c4106b777c6a85fdcd942a780831","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8088745474815369","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1865603$FA79BCEE-591E-4058-810C-54BD810CC078","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c6fa711cbafa95bb18902f9811946e3230b8caec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2837101,"id":"Q2837101"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0ca0d9a69677a92984d93eaa2f58bb1ad284df4d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8002660870552063","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1865603$06634BA1-AC68-489C-839F-99FE3EB65103","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8f3ba285191f9a83e2f81a408fe105f0de66c543","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1110564,"id":"Q1110564"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f561c98c82d5951ac5fa171fbdea48c6878e5f3f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7930051684379578","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1865603$5186A373-30BB-4D2F-B559-34A2987BE759","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The Hermitian level of composition algebras","badges":[]}}}}}