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In the topological part of this article the authors clarify the relation between the discontinuities of \\(f\\) and the oscillatory behavior of \\((f_n)\\). This is done by using the transfinite oscillations \\(\\text{osc}_\\xi\\,f\\) introduced by Rosenthal and the new \\(\\xi\\)-th variation \\(\\nu_\\xi\\) of the sequence \\((f_n)\\), \\(\\xi\\) a countable ordinal. It is shown that there is a convex block sequence of \\((f_n)\\) which is optimal with respect to \\(\\text{osc}_\\xi\\) and \\(\\nu_\\xi\\).  The motivation for this work is to give a proof of Rosenthal's \\(c_0\\)-index conjecture. For a bounded function \\(f\\) on \\(K\\) which is not in \\(D(K)\\), the set of differences of bounded semicontinuous functions, it is known that there is a least countable ordinal \\(\\xi\\) such that \\(\\text{osc}_\\xi\\,f\\) is unbounded. This ordinal \\(\\xi\\) is the non-\\(D\\) index \\(r_{ND}(f)\\) and measures the distance to \\(D(K)\\) in the sense that \\(r_{ND}(f)\\) is small if \\(f\\) is ``far from \\(D\\)''. The conjecture then said, that for a separable Banach space \\(X\\) not containing \\(c_0\\) and \\(K=(B_{X^*},\\omega^*)\\) there is a countable ordinal \\(\\xi\\) such that \\(r_{ND}(x^{**}| K)\\leq\\xi\\) for all \\(x^{**}\\in X^{**}\\setminus X\\). This is a strong quantitative improvement of the result that \\(X\\) contains \\(c_0\\) iff there is \\(x^{**}\\in X^{**}\\setminus X\\) which is in \\(D(K)\\).  The proof is long and intricate. An introduction to the topic is [\\textit{S. A. Argyros, G. Godefroy} and \\textit{H. P. Rosenthal} [Descriptive set theory and Banach spaces, in: Handbook of the geometry of Banach Spaces. Vol. 2. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1007--1069 (2003; Zbl 1121.46008)], where the present article is already 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