{"entities":{"Q1867451":{"pageid":1878193,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1867451","lastrevid":48075538,"modified":"2026-01-03T13:46:06Z","type":"item","id":"Q1867451","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On Weil's proof of the bound for Kloosterman sums."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1891451"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$C833B5C2-946C-4A67-8FEA-2293AF7DC9BF","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"c3a7a6acf244760c49bd3e261f4af46ad2ccc5ff","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On Weil's proof of the bound for Kloosterman sums.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$CAFF61DF-79DA-4CA5-AA8C-6B8DBABF94E3","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"cbaa35191eae4c5922ede292e99581ab200d20aa","datavalue":{"value":"1035.11063","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$B6A0456C-A493-4A37-864E-3CBBA81107F1","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"80d21a1f74e3b59165e2162b1e24c8956be1ec7f","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0022-314X(02)00011-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$CEC3776B-BE24-4A52-82BD-8DE06906321E","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2eaf79668159ae32883f62eaac914af82d755622","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1580851,"id":"Q1580851"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$2CCDC4AF-EFB1-4A06-85F5-CD4370392588","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e6cac328d206d9ef9b7afb3fb4ca5d1d204199af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":167107,"id":"Q167107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$A40213EE-C293-4564-BE9A-002906BDF5FA","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f699768a497e541193a45e7175e5f9b1c45f87fa","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2003-04-02T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$8C25EF4C-FE13-47CF-BC1C-02AB6A8823E0","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"2506310ee7b0e7b132d320f7fcfeee2f9cb0c6da","datavalue":{"value":"For a finite field \\(\\mathbb{F}_q\\) of characteristic \\(p\\) and \\(a\\in \\mathbb{F}_q^*\\) the corresponding Kloosterman sum  \\[ \\text{Kl}(q,a)=\\sum_{x\\in \\mathbb{F}_q^*} \\text{e}^{2\\pi i \\text{\\,Tr}(x+a/x)/p}, \\]  where Tr is the trace from \\(\\mathbb{F}_q\\) to \\(\\mathbb{F}_p\\), satisfies Weil's bound \\(| \\text{Kl}(q,a)| \\leq 2\\sqrt{q}\\). While most proofs of this bound are valid for arbitrary \\(p\\), Weil's original proof assumes \\(p\\neq 2\\) and uses Sali\u00e9's formula  \\[ \\text{Kl}(q,a)=\\sum_{y\\in \\mathbb{F}_q} \\eta(y^2-4a) \\text{e}^{2\\pi i \\text{\\,Tr}(y)/p}, \\]  where \\(\\eta\\) is the quadratic character of \\(\\mathbb{F}_q\\). The author extends Weil's method to arbitrary \\(p\\) by defining a quadratic character \\(\\Psi_c\\) on the group \\((\\mathbb{F}_q[T]/T^2(T^2-c))^*\\), \\(c\\in \\mathbb{F}_q^*\\).  He also applies his approach to twisted Kloosterman sums  \\[ \\text{Kl}(q,a,\\chi)=\\sum_{x\\in \\mathbb{F}_q^*} \\chi(x) \\text{e}^{2 \\pi i \\text{\\,Tr}(x+a/x)}, \\]  where \\(\\chi\\) is a nontrivial multiplicative character of \\(\\mathbb{F}_q\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$10E3653E-4FA2-4E72-ACCD-7D8C2B5DC368","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"89409f7728d198a35866d69fd5f11282a2236b52","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171423,"id":"Q171423"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$799CCCFA-4C9C-4E8B-8EAD-3344BD985ECA","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"39ab029ef1ffc0108491685a9e1c1f5aa3d57a73","datavalue":{"value":"11T24","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$C7CFF8F6-2308-4CE2-AB1A-E5E4085F8D10","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6ad3000e766f35ee7c20ebe1be8367e129650e33","datavalue":{"value":"11L05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$36E35427-4BA2-446B-BB59-FA2FCD66F515","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0e2417e055dac8201b2edbf4ce214140443124f6","datavalue":{"value":"11M38","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$A4F8E354-0091-4175-9312-B68D367319A0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"67e76681e3262ad48cdccf8e8c398e3f665d8d1e","datavalue":{"value":"1891451","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$0FAE772D-5A0B-4B98-BCF1-1BA7366F1DE8","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1095dc65af0865080d61460aa138abf3bafc742f","datavalue":{"value":"Kloosterman sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$9C8BE165-3F1C-4E68-A35D-C66EB941C436","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b8f7312c8d1f07c8dc2df4166840c79bac44b142","datavalue":{"value":"L-function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$6B431CCD-E26E-4782-BE6F-AA2B0C39A6B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f045ac729dd780165003bac6732efc8f92413ecf","datavalue":{"value":"Weil bound","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$9265EAEE-2D6B-40DF-92C8-9CA2CA83A5ED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6002cc885bf9252abbb051183aec49ec514dc6fb","datavalue":{"value":"character sums","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$57F0C406-5864-40EB-8124-D581E57AE0C3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ac07c7d6c5cdc2dbc4590f3ecbac0ebb59196bea","datavalue":{"value":"finite fields","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$C42F6C15-6944-42B0-ACAC-8F941A7EF33F","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$916EFF5C-D00C-4D9C-9DA0-86805646AD7D","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"977ed9e1c67275d396ccb820954dfb5050cca324","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5895810,"id":"Q5895810"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$0ED4CC6C-C2E8-482D-B676-0E9A3B3882F8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"140fe6d2862a83c13e2cb67731204768640b99f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5589451,"id":"Q5589451"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$C3B5DFA4-27DC-4740-8E92-BCD308E0EDB5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9c902ae4ecbaeff69be98c791d35c08441f9dcfa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5539082,"id":"Q5539082"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$C5D72F6C-BB0F-4735-A6B5-8601AD291CAF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"22a93df5c08df08b6b881bdce6eb16a2af19c12a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1052397,"id":"Q1052397"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$4F57B55A-16B5-4C0E-8882-231B1B4A8CEF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"af24f23d54ad2628575267d8831bbbe2c3fe9630","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4043162,"id":"Q4043162"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$B224ABE9-1BC8-41C7-9D42-54CAAB42B70C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6dc495d7dc0c87368951a81686a87020ff073af6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":674552,"id":"Q674552"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$1FF205D8-51E6-4F7E-B013-B3F357664566","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6de7373fb4ae4c09b87f247de0729b28df90edc6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1196909,"id":"Q1196909"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$C81AD7BA-E00C-44AB-87B8-DFBADE6FF69F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a744c9c17719923d1a192e9214086e46257ed20d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1227023,"id":"Q1227023"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$033C7851-6C6B-4761-91EB-61D978B7CF42","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"155b4a0cdf011bbe38de71e4ba274b371f60dd23","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5790212,"id":"Q5790212"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$D08E86B1-7DAD-48C5-ABBF-9363A69F7A44","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b5942faf5803a9fba5f0f6dc3f5ca440faa03d71","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4090435,"id":"Q4090435"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$CF0A9927-9734-4C31-8620-F857336FE5DA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"99c47e79e3e9f47ab0a362113013e527776042a1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5629716,"id":"Q5629716"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1867451$FDB4FA84-F0FF-446D-9C4F-3440F4B92CEE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"db42537108d874c1c430245cf7462551cbff28ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":810087,"id":"Q810087"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7a0362ee3780e92484a692d9c2f9dc502144308e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8555782437324524","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1867451$04B0C0AE-1BCA-4DF4-9CB1-188E7BF43D1B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5d7834ad5522bcb5f5094afeb8b2acb2bad789a1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5539082,"id":"Q5539082"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bb5b95e9ea1e35161e66a70231d34f9e11cba3a5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8319408893585205","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1867451$BBED58DC-67D7-4F1D-9BB2-38BD8994D606","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1190b7bfd9272fa4a5019219f9c4bbe02134ec7a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6132477,"id":"Q6132477"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"20c3e338c4522cd73a339f26c385563171ce0768","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8109041452407837","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1867451$036C6C43-53E8-4B5C-9120-437BDFE464D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9a3a52b43c8fdd4493501400e9e1da4324f6e4a5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5239752,"id":"Q5239752"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"171f0fb2462c2922a84dc019049bd372d3dfdca5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8068280816078186","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1867451$A80E95D0-5ED0-460B-B37B-9127777A6BFF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0efce67f746413d4ad31746070688e886271407a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2007705,"id":"Q2007705"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"090bcd18baf3d31938238494c186df7a1f94dac6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7945907711982727","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1867451$001B6CC7-65AB-4152-B4DA-ED9A2408860B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1867451","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1867451"}}}}}