{"entities":{"Q1868690":{"pageid":1879432,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1868690","lastrevid":74355741,"modified":"2026-04-14T19:42:21Z","type":"item","id":"Q1868690","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Dynamical entropy for automorphisms of exact \\(C^*\\)-algebras."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1901778"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$C7865943-DC38-4B80-8975-09C9BF879BE4","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"7cf0c35767e60deaea9cc53cbe2c8ef4f1f361c0","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Dynamical entropy for automorphisms of exact \\(C^*\\)-algebras.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$0B8DD9E7-F00D-46EE-A993-EEA2BF63FEB7","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"71274bd09e2ce03bc8781cda01d4f9a3d296dd5c","datavalue":{"value":"1041.46049","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$7627F85A-BFBD-47B3-B038-F100A8DFEE92","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f56125a597741d0b2966a0c5f22e381b1df34cb6","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0022-1236(02)00033-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$C4D1130D-7EF3-4EEB-8805-0F6519C71367","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d9aa35e96b852dc0f8387c5a4c12f39c74a4f205","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":202922,"id":"Q202922"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$307EAF9D-3BE7-4B29-B64C-A279DC5EC6E7","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"78c822db5813f0f9086f4e4ec19f4b6b46b5b495","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":165791,"id":"Q165791"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$0D2E8270-FCF7-4C18-9BB4-935FA712BA52","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"3b05751a28df8b7d171e02c18dec5082d33efa41","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2003-04-28T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$E8F61489-E0C1-42C8-B721-0309F2ACD6FE","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"80395d82baaba805c683c08270cafe8dfb872965","datavalue":{"value":"Connes-Narnhofer-Thirring entropy \\(h_\\phi(\\alpha)\\) was defined for an automorphism \\(\\alpha\\) of a \\(C^*\\)-algebra \\(A\\) and an \\(\\alpha\\)-invariant state \\(\\phi\\).   The topological entropy \\(ht(\\alpha)\\) was defined by Voiculescu for an automorphism \\(\\alpha\\) of a nuclear \\(C^*\\)-algebra and extended by Brown to exact \\(C^*\\)-algebras.   The author extends Voiculescu's topological entropy to a \\(C^*\\)-dynamical entropy \\(ht_\\phi(\\alpha)\\) for an automorphism \\(\\alpha\\) of a nuclear \\(C^*\\)-algebra \\(A\\) with respect to an \\(\\alpha\\)-invariant state \\(\\phi\\).   Assume that \\(A\\) is acting on a Hilbert space \\(H\\) and that an isometry \\(s\\) of \\(H\\), \\(\\sigma(a)= sas^*\\), \\((a\\in A)\\), \\(A\\rtimes_\\sigma N\\) is an crossed-product \\(C^*\\)-algebra. Let  \\[ \\pi_\\sigma(a)= \\sum_{i< 0} e_{i,i}\\otimes a+ \\sum_{i\\geq 0} e_{i,i}\\otimes\\sigma^i(a),\\quad v= \\sum_{i< 0} e_{i+1,i}\\otimes I+ \\sum_{i\\geq 0} e_{i+1,i}\\otimes s^i s^{*i}. \\]  Let \\(\\xi\\in H\\) be a unit vector, and \\(\\overline\\xi= 0\\oplus\\xi\\oplus 0\\in \\bigoplus_{i< 0} H_i\\oplus H_0\\bigoplus_{i> 0} H_i\\). Assume \\(\\overline\\xi\\) is cyclic for \\(A\\rtimes_\\sigma N\\) for \\(\\xi\\in H\\), \\(\\phi= \\omega|_A\\), \\(\\overline\\phi= \\omega_{\\overline\\xi}|_{A\\rtimes_\\sigma N}\\). It is proved that:   Let \\(\\gamma\\in \\Aut(A\\rtimes_\\sigma N)\\) satisfy that \\(\\gamma(\\pi_\\sigma(A))= \\pi_\\sigma(A)\\) and \\(\\gamma(v)= v\\). Let \\(\\gamma_A= \\pi^{-1}_\\sigma\\circ \\gamma\\circ \\pi_\\sigma\\). If \\(A\\) is exact, then  \\[ ht_{\\overline\\phi}(\\gamma)= ht_\\phi(\\text{id}_A; \\gamma_A). \\]  Moreover, if \\(\\xi\\in H\\) is cyclic for \\(A\\), then \\(ht_{\\overline\\phi}(\\gamma)= ht_\\phi(\\gamma_A)\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$EDA43E04-AB3E-4262-A878-4CA8DFA86978","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"5b9221a3006c31bd620b61688d556028be509db9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":588104,"id":"Q588104"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$FAF7AC58-B16D-4403-98DB-065ED0968544","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"86597e4df08bf8f76428aa900d79e14eb7cddd12","datavalue":{"value":"46L40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$4EC633E3-B183-4B0A-948F-0942DA370EED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5342f284ca3db5d46f8073ff56cc0bfd4e84fb36","datavalue":{"value":"46L55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$9F83830C-46FC-4C35-A388-BC2A2848264A","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c4af0a6e79b415abb0095c303c296ae18e8d9c00","datavalue":{"value":"1901778","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$B21FEAF2-A5AB-4ABC-9FBF-15462FFF5A6F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c6043f4a07eb126574839583faf1ea55c499e1d4","datavalue":{"value":"dynamical entropy","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$0ACE031E-5074-49E5-B760-062AF931DA48","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ce7ab89ef0afcd2141c7da8aae338608bd16ac9a","datavalue":{"value":"automorphism","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$D5A93D91-50C5-4E81-BA66-8D25F486AA77","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3c59cb2670932bf6e6f54effcf5bd8705f9b1e6c","datavalue":{"value":"\\(C^*\\)-algebra","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$E04F1BB8-3811-4772-B098-BC07329AD41E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$E0E24FAC-44E8-4C30-9DD1-1338BD7B105D","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b161dec9b4b578c70e6cf4a1d516b2fa1a5b3a35","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2538748,"id":"Q2538748"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$8107ACBD-F18C-401B-BDBD-8C5B061FAA7A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e6751c8332fa24a96cd13d8fecc0c13ba5358331","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3658571,"id":"Q3658571"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$5A77892B-8432-4313-98C7-0294A41564FA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1cc91b75eae93be7427afffde965fed398f0344d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1298177,"id":"Q1298177"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$41D49F30-27E0-4C37-8E52-D3A4876D8955","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b6603f649790cd5c7eb50959be7bcaff11aabb9c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1764088,"id":"Q1764088"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$4D33C702-C6D0-49C4-BCC5-E2A58022B279","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6cbd97a9e31ef05c082659c521ca7748b379e9a7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5943443,"id":"Q5943443"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$4B0A9E9C-0A1E-452A-BA3E-1085D212DB0A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1e696600567962a4ee1f0c590399d88501e99a0e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1861104,"id":"Q1861104"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$79A9FEBE-91B4-4A67-857C-1D9D90B6C4A4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2d95844e3ac69c353f20bb2133b5c9aadf9a69ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3150504,"id":"Q3150504"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$1BB24842-A412-49DA-BEFC-FF2DCB433567","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2f062a256a538282b73735460f7c7f0e3f017ce7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1572905,"id":"Q1572905"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$F7BB4051-0562-4DC8-B60C-3C275A0EF788","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"25bd798128f0f0615b8f121c584a6cde93f0d158","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4422027,"id":"Q4422027"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$FFAE8066-86A7-4E4F-8996-233E051C3F28","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fc9712f75de47fb83388183f792b72fc32303f2b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4180802,"id":"Q4180802"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$6189656B-9271-4197-904E-A4F078A17734","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ea3c400c7185d34ba50e76a36bd5dd366c91d742","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1098388,"id":"Q1098388"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$F4BD4B50-EA34-44A6-9674-BE881A21D19C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"689ff70b07292cfa96c9c8c6b290bb3a07c1a521","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1225818,"id":"Q1225818"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$65119BA1-2161-4602-971F-F73B27080414","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"29f3ba5cd5770b6f70d9beac2b5ed0ca71f49545","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1254709,"id":"Q1254709"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$A17C531D-615C-4C7A-965C-0735EBF01D2B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"25e89798b3fe0be896f77c28cdd72c6155627c48","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2773054,"id":"Q2773054"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$1AD95547-EC3E-4716-AB31-3E3B9FCDF66A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bf9d6f9816f0402d28e1b62505ed681f0bc7e332","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2747932,"id":"Q2747932"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$6E3FA732-120E-4928-ABCE-6024EC89F817","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"324be17c33b90cd45a247ed53ff48febd10925c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4292187,"id":"Q4292187"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$13BDDCBF-840B-4FFA-9285-C6D19C87B683","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e4af58a410eee83d19b8fa3e27e4271152928f24","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1891816,"id":"Q1891816"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$8933E6B4-AE73-4D91-9324-21E173EEBF0E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ab2ca19304e5ffc122a8824a60258a3bb252b255","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4039050,"id":"Q4039050"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$2846C09B-38F0-4FF5-93B0-F07EC5C7F817","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e6b4ba74895f4dd6bdb2841a0389e5d1615b2010","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1209125,"id":"Q1209125"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$30D4CDE5-274E-4752-9E6C-420D7A74051E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f0cc751187fe18e679bee7100672af5f1eae47a5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4335116,"id":"Q4335116"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$A1CDB1F8-B2F7-405E-8521-A6EA142A2DDE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"953524c0cca4f74352d703a0433ffd6f73d62975","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1894880,"id":"Q1894880"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$7AE7DB82-2BBD-48C1-879F-694AD51D9876","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a4c3428174cc136a79d438ece9a53ac824dc7d04","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3137755,"id":"Q3137755"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$CC9AE926-4061-4006-B5F5-215BAB67A215","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"eab108e873bdd94c186b708760f5a5c3a1957469","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4764205,"id":"Q4764205"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1868690$890EE97A-2D43-4563-AC0F-D9E65CEB5177","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"84dc0696ac59191d0da3eed6cf6d4db10b638569","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1298177,"id":"Q1298177"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"047392e46733fab329f3c475254405e5994a2744","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8956975936889648","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1868690$31E391E7-8F59-4D95-9365-96E270D75549","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"83b314ca09ba66a64d09746ccb351af280e3f6b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1098388,"id":"Q1098388"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"047392e46733fab329f3c475254405e5994a2744","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8956975936889648","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1868690$413EC913-6F5B-4800-B8BC-074C9F5510B7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"425a0c655a31fca488e55471c10264cd75ff3e7e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1572905,"id":"Q1572905"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4affa8d548cd0ea26ec0d5cf9077329d3d5376d0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8449352383613586","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1868690$B178DB85-39F3-40DA-8806-86555CA66C46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2693164870b43b797a9d333821d8f070af269926","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1889937,"id":"Q1889937"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ec310b03eb2fa77da43eee37110c479e0cc3b1a9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8430361151695251","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1868690$83F4C08C-68CD-4AF6-A9A2-84873EE59ACC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c4b6829cc93bed435845d0f28255b641973bf2c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4703170,"id":"Q4703170"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"25dd8deb890fe5fa6acfd149313b6f83a19b0f62","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8352236151695251","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1868690$86E3F407-49CA-414D-B5F5-D0236B23B205","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Dynamical entropy for automorphisms of exact \\(C^*\\)-algebras.","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Dynamical_entropy_for_automorphisms_of_exact_%5C(C%5E*%5C)-algebras."}}}}}