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Let \\(a:B\\to a(B)\\) be a nonnegative functional defined on balls \\(B\\subset B_0\\). Consider the sum operator \\(T\\) associated with the functional \\(a\\) defined by \\(T(x)=\\sum_{j=0}^\\infty a(B_j(x))\\), \\(x\\in B_0\\), where \\(\\{B_j(x)\\}_{j=1}^\\infty\\) is a chain of balls satisfying (H1)--(H3) and \\(B_0(x)=B_0\\) for every \\(x\\in B_0\\).  The main purpose of the present paper is to show that the sum operator \\(T\\) plays the role of integral operators of Riesz-potential type in proving Poincar\u00e9-Sobolev estimates. This can be illustrated by one of the main results which establishes the pointwise representation formula: If \\(f\\in L^1(B_0,\\mu)\\) is such that for any ball \\(B\\subset B_0\\), \\(| B_\\mu| ^{-1}\\int_B| f-f_B| d\\mu\\leq ca(B)\\), then for \\(\\mu\\)-a.a. \\(x\\in B_0\\), \\(| f(x)-f_{B_0}| \\leq CT(x)\\). Further results include the weak estimate for \\(T\\), the weak self-improving property of the Poincar\u00e9 inequality in \\(B_0\\), the two-weight estimate and the case \\(p=q\\).  The paper improves some earlier results, namely by the authors [J. Funct. Anal. 153, No. 1, 108--146 (1998; Zbl 0892.43005)] and by \\textit{P. Haj\u0142asz} and \\textit{P. Koskela} [Mem. Am. Math. 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