{"entities":{"Q1879856":{"pageid":1890598,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1879856","lastrevid":73925958,"modified":"2026-04-14T17:45:08Z","type":"item","id":"Q1879856","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Immortal branching Markov processes: Averaging properties and PCR applications."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2100721"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$38152753-C415-4467-A5F1-659F023B5F9E","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"e025cb6714d3650a72954106dc62a2ed2b06e10a","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Immortal branching Markov processes: Averaging properties and PCR applications.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$99E8908E-F721-4603-8480-B5807F13E9BC","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"b1efe602792eb9d043acfb1df261e1333e277ba6","datavalue":{"value":"1047.60087","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$0A85D14A-224B-4B2C-AAF5-36BB30532DF5","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"9877d6ad734c67e8b31bc0f0999a8cd73ee174f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":997418,"id":"Q997418"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$FCF92653-36A2-4777-A71E-072547706FE7","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c9d829dece3e2d330deed49a6cb836edc666e294","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":107063,"id":"Q107063"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$B96F7887-2CF8-44C2-8D5C-F550D06ABD48","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"fe35befb46842905b99d47e59e1b30c7f3f9230b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2004-09-15T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$0EB58EF5-AFDC-4DB0-99D9-CC9C6B18EB78","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"18a988dba2144f5b7da45a13eec563687fc4b4bd","datavalue":{"value":"The immortal branching Markov process is a discrete-time branching process with immortal particles characterized by their types and states. A particle \\(x\\) gets its type \\(t(x)\\) and state \\(s(x)\\in R\\) at the birth moment \\(\\tau_x\\) and never changes them. At each moment \\(n\\geq\\tau_x\\), the particle \\(x\\) produces a random number of children. The overall population \\(S_n\\) at time \\(n\\) performs a classical branching process, that is the offspring size of a particle has distribution which is independent of the state and type of the parent particle. However, the type and state of newborn particles depend on the type and state of their parent particle in a Markov way.  Let \\(\\eta_n\\) be the empirical law of \\(S_n\\) if the process starts by \\(S_0\\) particles of the same state and type and \\(\\eta^*_n\\) be the limit of \\(\\eta_n\\) as \\(S_0\\to\\infty.\\) Let \\(M_n\\) and \\(M^*_n\\) be the random variables with the laws \\(\\eta_n\\) and \\(\\eta^*_n\\), respectively. The author gives explicit estimates from above and below for the difference \\(EM_n-EM^*_n\\) in terms of the characteristics of the underlying branching process and shows that \\(| \\text{Var}(M_n)-\\text{Var}(M_n^*)| \\leq \\Gamma/S_0\\) where \\(\\Gamma\\) is a finite constant independent of \\(n\\) and \\(S_0\\).  These results (and some others of the same spirit) are used in the paper to study the variability of genetic sequences produced by polymerase chain reactions (PCR).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$6D35068E-544F-4B39-AC4A-A9EEDEC72535","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d01ee9b98008029475379a23ca14bb199f2954e6","datavalue":{"value":"60J80","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$4ED99FD4-9A83-4BA0-8E52-C15C7879229D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"aa3a4d2e07560ddfc3ae4ef72fd5a725dceb84df","datavalue":{"value":"60K37","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$2C9D6639-53D6-42DF-9C2C-944299D819A8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"505a49771a29a1df80db47f27f0ca3c9ddd29e48","datavalue":{"value":"92D20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$8D974EBC-6B14-4DB8-8368-0374EB523DCE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c4936856078b107e459cb55c5a1f0bcabb75bf82","datavalue":{"value":"60J85","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$79C884D7-5D04-4AD6-BE18-B95A0C506B31","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"618ba5ff48a2730d84128109e2027c99895a1f84","datavalue":{"value":"2100721","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$03C97642-CEAE-4860-86F7-8928DC1667E8","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"88e6645e747468957a601988d0ab9cbf0aedbfc5","datavalue":{"value":"Markov branching process","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$AF2D50D7-2E9C-422F-BE7D-EEA354C7BA75","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"aaa7b017288cc9ab97cde9debce776543af72b23","datavalue":{"value":"Galton-Watson process","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$D3E7890C-52E1-41DA-8ECB-6A535201334A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fb78f568a04981f55f3a039b9ccbdec552133b45","datavalue":{"value":"mean field approximation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$7A524255-C061-40A8-8651-245CC22D4935","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0258351a6af7ceaa29d1a9c222c4656b6bd961ca","datavalue":{"value":"polymerase chain reaction (PCR)","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$3712D706-14A3-4230-8001-746F56B4869C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"35c48e5d2da5fe9995f69a13a1aafa37d966f279","datavalue":{"value":"error-prone PCR","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$193BFE31-E3CC-4809-9A37-B6D57D7047AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9655f5d3293e4d8d05983a622530b98d3e2cf8c0","datavalue":{"value":"mutation rate","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$0953C3A1-769D-44CA-94D2-68A713C7ED8E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0c40de2b59e6f32cca053a5497d1914669c358e2","datavalue":{"value":"DNA amplification","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$968BBBEB-D456-4863-971A-57F500A2F47F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"51aba755ea92906b7b2fc830c7ff47d9e14cdf2b","datavalue":{"value":"estimation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$80B453CE-CB8C-46A0-A7AE-2CEF7A521E29","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"a4b6893a993b485cfed7b86f59bf4b49e512f183","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":314216,"id":"Q314216"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$6DD77AEA-3814-46F6-B442-74DB6B081808","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$195DB336-79BB-4D14-BA70-1D08E036902D","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"092f105d3a3329c26fb4972016c3c029532f648b","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1214/aop/1078415838","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$BFD3853A-D825-45D0-B0A9-056A4B431807","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"5f3ffbf0b07193a959a889b2118742c3e3f9a8ac","datavalue":{"value":"W2061881593","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$5473164C-F5AD-4645-B3FE-136EC7E1B816","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a3f91d2abeaadf5e0eceb9d16cc0511e7d112cb5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1336589,"id":"Q1336589"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$AEAB4748-571B-485F-BF96-C99A06B83CF3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6ae000096e5ef685fe9b59d423a301504ae15065","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5674726,"id":"Q5674726"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$4527B925-3A97-492F-9549-40E93DA836BF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f9c6b7ed8f50a77db62bbdb6bf7b66df9cc10ec1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4127765,"id":"Q4127765"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$ABAEE597-276F-4CFD-8FA7-A030F4F2B681","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fbe9ec39c25191699262f9395ff40b62f59502d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1137326,"id":"Q1137326"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$5E4F80F0-DB25-4DEB-BCC3-52CD3B8EBE8B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c66c9d0a1bae4c5197bab8b5d9ceca067e3e50cf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5711569,"id":"Q5711569"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$DBF6CB6E-D48D-4A92-9305-0AE8E4ABAFD5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3bf76d4501e33473323c5c9b2fd1f7543b1f6c32","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5614306,"id":"Q5614306"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$BB5F9371-92EF-4C40-8C1C-118F36673ECF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3bf055f86c112f6cd8d0a21cfbfe9b5a99e177a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1313074,"id":"Q1313074"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$B0DC2FB7-B6D7-4724-A75E-5DCBE5806D46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b8c6e90742ceeaa3b894d77005e38582fa748872","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5284193,"id":"Q5284193"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$F07EEC7A-71B1-4D8D-BED6-14EF69DF6310","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"787c50e16aec5cab66a524e414c4813ce9679c18","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1413675,"id":"Q1413675"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$F44BED02-92D1-4058-87D0-74AE87A64C99","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bbbde15045227fbe1e53f8e0d77115f06ccccb0f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1221620,"id":"Q1221620"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$0A857B21-6494-43CB-AC54-29B00081F440","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ae31267ba1d0e48a18cc5604df3e57366eaaaa89","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2749129,"id":"Q2749129"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$A3568A44-0666-4D66-A561-2A0E16099342","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"9731d29464f97ca7110e32243281ffc8ffb94f4b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1214/AOP/1078415838","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1879856$A4A57AAB-765F-4F32-9467-FDF04E00BA4D","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4fff64b7b58740788f36066d959cb6c823a49659","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1775447,"id":"Q1775447"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"029a99d9645a43d7a0172842247f1ed30c6c0685","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7554834485054016","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1879856$8EF1A753-ABB6-421A-84BF-AE413414C720","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8a8bc7b3c006992d03025846eb0a3bf4cfeba46b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4809553,"id":"Q4809553"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"be7ca885610bcf4007dae32a226dd6bac0e622be","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7530664801597595","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1879856$7232F542-02CA-4FED-A733-AC0142FB88C2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"adf514ba87502c54c8283ce06f089eb14b38610b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2749129,"id":"Q2749129"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"eb36b4a17b084ae7998f979c9d35c97b835ae8d9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7346426844596863","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1879856$19D9B071-EAF9-4D52-843C-B94F5FCA9265","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5d38f0001608468c2fd9f0a1165b26635704bfec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5480008,"id":"Q5480008"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8e08d6be2ed0fb39130eaf6ea3cdf037f1fa5aff","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7298020720481873","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1879856$9ADB632F-933D-47BE-B7FB-4684857560DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f8461bcbcc8ec6f71afdf9fe54d2389a60ec507f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4819497,"id":"Q4819497"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"eba0180d729650086b664da31d256cceec3fa9c9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7204036116600037","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1879856$FD4FA3E4-4361-48A0-B41F-0997FE594E85","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Immortal branching Markov processes: Averaging properties and PCR applications.","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Immortal_branching_Markov_processes:_Averaging_properties_and_PCR_applications."}}}}}