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An open and quite difficult problem in ring theory is to determine whether \\(R\\) itself satisfies a polynomial identity or not. Recall that the sum of \\(A\\) and \\(B\\) need not be direct; in fact, the interesting situation arises when it is not direct. Up till now the answer to the above problem is known to be positive only under some restrictions on the identities satisfied by either \\(A\\) or \\(B\\), or both. The paper under review answers in the positive the question for large classes of rings \\(A\\) and \\(B\\). Thus for example the authors prove that if, for some \\(k\\), \\((AB)^k\\subseteq A\\) or \\((BA)^k\\subseteq A\\) then \\(R\\) is a PI ring. The same conclusion holds if, for example, \\(A\\) is a (one-sided) ideal of \\(R\\), or if \\(AB=BA\\) and \\(B^k\\subseteq A\\), or if \\(A\\) is a Lie ideal of \\(R\\).   The authors use a promising technique based on the study of the multilinear polynomial identities and their codimension sequence. 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