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The main motivation for the present study was proposition 3.9 of a paper by \\textit{S. Mori} [Ann. Math., II. Ser. 116, 133-176 (1982; Zbl 0557.14021)], where the statement that an irreducible del Pezzo surface \\(X\\) has \\(\\chi({\\mathcal O}_X)\\neq 0\\) plays an essential role; I reprove here, in particular, Mori's statement that an irreducible de Pezzo surface in characteristic 0 has \\(\\chi({\\mathcal O}_X)=1\\).   I assume throughout that \\(X\\) is reduced, but either reducible or (irreducible and) nonnormal; \\(\\pi:Y\\to X\\) is the normalisation. \\(Y\\) has \\(r\\geq 1\\) components, and is marked by an effective Weil divisor \\(C\\), scheme-theoretically defined by the conductor ideal \\(I_{C,Y}\\) as a set, \\(C\\) is the codimension 1 double locus of \\(\\pi\\). By subadjunction (proposition 2.3), it is well known that the canonical Weil divisor of \\(Y\\) is \\(K_Y=\\pi^* K_X-C\\), so that  \\[ -K_Y= \\pi^*{\\mathcal O}_X(1)+C=(\\text{ample})+ (\\text{effective}). \\]  It is easy to classify the components \\(C\\subset Y\\) with the property (theorem 1.1) in terms of scrolls and \\(\\mathbb{P}^2\\), and in particular each connected component of \\(C\\), \\({\\mathcal O}_C(1)\\) must be isomorphic to a plane conic.    Write \\(D\\subset X\\) for the subscheme defines by the conductor ideal \\(I_{D,X}={\\mathcal C}=\\text{Ann} (\\pi_*{\\mathcal O}_Y/{\\mathcal O}_X)\\subset{\\mathcal O}_X\\), and \\(\\varphi:C\\to D\\) for the restriction of \\(\\pi\\). Thus \\(X\\) is obtained by glueing together one or more components \\(C_i\\subset Y_i\\) along a morphism \\(\\varphi:C=\\amalg C_i\\to D\\). The Cohen-Macaulay or \\(S_2\\) condition for \\(X\\) is easy: \\(\\varphi_*{\\mathcal O}_C/{\\mathcal O}_D\\) must have no sections supported at points, so that the glueing is entirely determined in codimension 1. The combinatorics of the glueing also turns out to be straightforward; in particular, if \\(Y\\) is reducible then all the conics \\(C_i\\) are isomorphic.    What makes a local ring Gorenstein? We have not heard the last of this question. The technical crux of this paper is theorem 2.6, which characterises the predualising sheaf \\(\\omega_X\\) of the nonnormal scheme \\(X\\). This gives necessary and sufficient conditions on \\(C\\subset Y\\) and \\(\\varphi:C\\to D\\) for \\(X\\) to be Gorenstein, for example: \\(\\omega_Y(C)\\) is an invertible \\({\\mathcal O}_Y\\)-module, \\(\\omega_X\\) is Gorenstein in codimension 1 and \\(\\omega_C\\) has an \\({\\mathcal O}_C\\)-basis \\(s\\in\\ker \\{\\text{Tr}_{C/D}: \\varphi_*\\omega_C\\to \\omega_D\\}\\).    Working with the Gorenstein condition is easy if all the \\(C_i\\) are reduced, when \\(X\\) has ordinary double points in codimension 1. But in the nonreduced case, the question is quite subtle, and the answer depends on \\(\\text{char }k\\). In any characteristic, \\(\\text{Sing } X=\\Gamma\\) is an irreducible curve of degree 1 for the polarisation. If \\(\\text{char } k=0\\) then \\(\\Gamma\\cong \\mathbb{P}^1\\) and \\(D\\), \\({\\mathcal O}_D(1)\\) is isomorphic to a first order neighbourhood of \\(\\mathbb{P}^1\\) in \\(\\mathbb{P}^r\\); this is essentially equivalent to the main result \\(\\chi({\\mathcal O}_X)=1\\). However, in characteristic \\(p\\) the curve \\(\\Gamma\\) can have ``wild'' cusps, and \\(\\chi({\\mathcal O}_X)\\) can be arbitrarily negative. Thus for nonnormal varieties in characteristic \\(p\\), Gorenstein is a weaker condition than in characteristic 0.    It follows easily that if \\(\\text{char } k=0\\) then \\(H^1(X,{\\mathcal O}_X(n))=0\\), for all \\(n\\), in particular \\(\\chi({\\mathcal O}_X)=1\\), and a general element \\(x_0\\in H^0(X,{\\mathcal O}_X(1))\\) is a non-zero divisor for \\({\\mathcal O}_X\\). However, if \\(\\text{char }k=p\\) then \\(H^1(X,{\\mathcal O}_X)\\) can be arbitrarily large; for an irreducible surface \\(X\\) this happens only when \\(X\\) has a curve \\(\\Gamma\\) of cusps, and \\(\\Gamma\\) itself has ``wild'' cusps.    Conjecture. Assume that \\(\\text{char }k=0\\), and that \\(X\\) is 1-connected but not reduced; then \\(X,{\\mathcal O}_X(1)\\) is projectively Cohen-Macaulay (that is, \\(H^i(X,{\\mathcal O}_X(n))=0\\) for \\(i=1\\) and all \\(n\\), and for \\(i=2\\) and \\(n\\geq 0\\)), and a general element \\(x_0\\in H^0(X,{\\mathcal O}_X(1))\\) is \\({\\mathcal O}_X\\)-regular, so all the projective embedding properties hold as 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