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It realizes algebraically the notion of blowing up a variety along a subvariety, so that it is of interest to uncover its arithmetical properties, such as normality or Cohen-Macaulayness. Here we are concerned with how the latter occurs in two distinct ways.   In a manner of speaking, \\(R[It]\\) is made up of two parts, \\(R\\) itself and the associated graded ring \\(\\text{gr}_ I (R) = \\sum_{i \\geq 0} I^ i/I^{i+1}\\). One basic set of issues is how the Cohen-Macaulayness of \\(R[It]\\) depends on that of \\(R\\) and \\(\\text{gr}_ I(R)\\). On account of an argument of Huneke, the issue can be narrowed down to expressing the Cohen-Macaulayness of \\(R[It]\\) vis-a-vis \\(G = \\text{gr}_ I (R)\\) and \\(a(G)\\), the so-called \\(a\\)-invariant of \\(G\\). After clarifying several cases where \\(G\\) is Gorenstein, we give our first main result, a calculation of \\(a(G)\\), in terms of the analytic spread \\(\\ell (I)\\) and reduction number \\(r(I)\\) of \\(I\\), under the hypothesis that \\(I\\) satisfies a mild condition on the local number of generators in codimension below \\(\\ell (I)\\).   Our second main result bypasses the use of \\(\\text{gr}_ I (R)\\), focusing instead on the degrees of the generators of modules of syzygies and the polynomial relations amongst the elements of a generating set of the ideal. We explore how the Cohen-Macaulayness of \\(R[It]\\) is described in terms of these sets of degrees and other integers that arise from a specification of the ideal through a presentation matrix. Some of the results are explicit formulas for the degrees of polynomial relations in terms of homological properties of the ideal, therefore linking aspects of elimination theory with 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