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Then \\(\\mathcal V\\) is said to be log-linear if it is locally finite and there exists a constant \\(c\\) such that \\(\\log f_ n ({\\mathcal V}) \\leq cn\\) for all \\(n \\geq 1\\).   The problem of characterizing log-linear varieties of semigroups was posed by \\textit{G. Gr\u00e4tzer} and \\textit{A. Kisielewicz} [Res. Expo. Math. 19, 57-88 (1992; Zbl 0772.08001)]. The main result of this paper solves this problem: Theorem. For any semigroup variety \\(\\mathcal V\\) the following are equivalent: (i) \\(\\mathcal V\\) is log-linear; (ii) \\(\\mathcal V\\) satisfies the identities \\(x^{\\alpha + 1} \\approx x^ \\beta\\), \\(x_ 1 x_ 2 \\dots x_ m \\approx x_{\\sigma(1)} x_{\\sigma(2)} \\dots x_{\\sigma(m)}\\), for some \\(\\alpha \\geq \\beta >0\\) and some nontrivial permutation \\(\\sigma\\) of the set \\(\\{1, \\dots, m\\}\\); (iii) \\(\\mathcal V\\) satisfies the identities \\(x^{\\alpha + 1} \\approx x^ \\beta\\), \\(x_ 1 x_ 2 \\dots x_{i - 1} x_ i x_{i + 1} \\dots x_ m \\approx x_ 1 x_ 2 \\dots x_{i - 1} x_{i + 1} x_ i x_{i + 2} \\dots x_ m\\), for some \\(\\alpha \\geq \\beta > 0\\), \\(m > i \\geq 1\\). An interesting consequence of this result is that every log-linear variety of semigroups is hereditarily finitely based. An example is given to show that the converse is 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