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We say that \\(R\\) is \\(F\\)-rational if every ideal generated by parameters in \\(R\\) is tightly closed, and that \\(R\\) is strongly \\(F\\)-rational if for each nonzero divisor \\(x\\) in \\(R\\) there exists an integer \\(q_0\\) such that the \\(R\\)-linear map \\(R \\otimes R/ I\\to R^{1/q} \\otimes R/I\\), \\(1\\otimes 1 \\mapsto x^{1/q} \\otimes 1\\), is injective for any ideal \\(I\\) and for any \\(q = p^e \\geq q_0\\). The main purpose of the paper is to prove the openness of the \\(F\\)-rational locus in the case that \\(R\\) is finitely generated over an excellent local ring. For this, the author studies strongly \\(F\\)-rational rings in section 1, develops the theory of \\(\\Gamma\\)-construction due to Hochster and Huneke in section 2, and proves that \\(F\\)-rationality is preserved under smooth base change (theorem 3.1). -- The author also shows that certain \\(\\Gamma\\)-constructions of an \\(F\\)-rational ring are \\(F\\)-rational, that \\(F\\)-rationality implies strong \\(F\\)-rationality, and that a test element for strong parameter ideals exists, under the same condition in the main result.   (By parameters in \\(R\\) we mean a sequence of elements \\(x_1, \\ldots, x_k\\) in \\(R\\) such that for each prime ideal \\(P\\) of \\(R\\) containing them, their images in \\(R_P\\) form part of a system of parameters in \\(R_P\\). If this condition holds modulo every minimal prime ideal of \\(R\\), then we say \\(x_1, \\ldots, x_k\\) form a sequence of strong parameters in \\(R\\) (section 0). 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