{"entities":{"Q1896281":{"pageid":1907023,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1896281","lastrevid":47344798,"modified":"2026-01-01T11:06:47Z","type":"item","id":"Q1896281","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On relationship between modified sets, topological spaces and rough sets"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 788338"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$DA02C7C1-7772-465B-B593-A89A1C9CFE08","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"fa9e189fceb7713cee7b2c0511371c3c1a3e7a8f","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On relationship between modified sets, topological spaces and rough sets","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$BEF81F9E-703B-409A-97C0-11B7EA229DD7","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"892882364711ec1cef5cba02bb96d238a7d18be0","datavalue":{"value":"0828.04002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$75515648-58B5-403F-BC40-243C107E44EB","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"40c8cbd7afe6792b532ec6da6bdbdbe5b65f85ae","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0165-0114(94)90288-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$9A2EF6EE-707B-423F-8744-5FEBAB25F441","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"733206b0b0d69df2dee1c6620ed1f4f9e97b51b2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":221211,"id":"Q221211"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$C6B04717-1911-44DC-BC72-FE15A93478BD","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"784d2dc06e2a3bb008e6a3a15801a0f0231d6262","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":65161,"id":"Q65161"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$C98FF4C7-1373-41A6-B428-C54BA40821CB","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"771c3d65e511c1c23ff132299f8716909a176f01","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1995-12-18T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$CD30533C-6997-4946-811E-7D66F5061A43","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9679d7649c6ee0a8e6d9210096d0b3e931ffffd1","datavalue":{"value":"The author starts from a binary relation \\(R_{\\mathcal H}\\) on a set \\(X\\) and then defines a so-called modifier \\({\\mathcal H}\\) by:  \\[ {\\mathcal H} (A) = \\biggl \\{y \\mid (\\exists x \\in A) \\bigl( (x,y) \\in R_{\\mathcal H} \\bigr) \\biggr\\}. \\]  When the relation \\(R\\) is reflexive, i.e. \\(R\\) is called an accessibility relation, then \\({\\mathcal H}\\) is called a weakening modifier. To every weakening modifier \\({\\mathcal H}\\) a so-called substantiating modifier \\({\\mathcal H}^*\\) is defined by \\({\\mathcal H}^* (A) = \\overline {{\\mathcal H} (\\overline A)}\\). The main results concern the interaction between set-theoretic union, intersection, inclusion on the one hand and weakening and substantiating modifiers on the other hand. The proofs are very simple. Finally it is shown that certain modifiers are topological closure operators and that rough sets can be obtained as modifiers.   This paper can be described as old wine in new bottles. Indeed \\({\\mathcal H}(A)\\) is nothing but the direct image of \\(A\\) under the binary relation \\(R_{\\mathcal H}\\) and \\({\\mathcal H}^* (A)\\) is easily identified as the superdirect image of \\(A\\) under a reflexive relation \\(R_{\\mathcal H}\\). Hence all the main results were well known.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$C17F7490-DA99-4641-B0F0-CEF10D483F17","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"c95e6877a25b67474eb0455293bdb4da0775fcbf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":174898,"id":"Q174898"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$01010833-2325-4D27-B972-F0E333A62ACC","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d9038fbc6c9eb2d241eed759e44bf47d202533f7","datavalue":{"value":"03E72","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$413635F9-8789-4076-AA5C-58214A43787D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"1a701bf28602d9b4e97a5a777c764f7db7fd7181","datavalue":{"value":"788338","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$EE7BC9F0-F817-4478-9A7B-4F777F615080","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a36b7415bfbcc11483a33bbd401381c27d08bdd4","datavalue":{"value":"accessibility relation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$4700F0D0-C67F-4BB0-B268-8E41AFA81811","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1d3e8769aafedbc024ce925dbe22f4e7c270b984","datavalue":{"value":"weakening modifier","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$BD027B4C-442E-4DCA-A471-48ABCCB0B5AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3899ac242cab7ea739ed256e2e3450d5d49e8606","datavalue":{"value":"substantiating modifier","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$BE0FE54D-4357-4687-A685-861AEFE3B8DC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fa43ca26aebd8ae0638b42530721325719fa4e11","datavalue":{"value":"union","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$D707D2FF-F25F-4A8D-AAC7-F006AED0305C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ab57561e8c95fe21680ade7400a07692c4406a75","datavalue":{"value":"intersection","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$497DC543-81D8-4A45-A043-5C8D405FEB40","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6afbee5ed4d335f4b5bf59e0403717f9ce724883","datavalue":{"value":"inclusion","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$2CCC4E90-7BD4-4E8C-B0A2-A199F9B9382E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"18dfb940d682f3e3ab16a86124914f676f139060","datavalue":{"value":"topological closure operators","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$30414ED2-52CD-46F5-AFF2-A53C1DF613A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bbe46657715cc6096ab87d19893dd8e5bc0b0ea2","datavalue":{"value":"rough sets","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$2558D4DC-73DC-4D2E-9B79-DEE41B43000E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2aa71fab637942070c01a7b93c818e7a50deb5e9","datavalue":{"value":"direct image","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$22644D12-3127-4C31-AEA5-C090DEFB607F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2483bf0d4860175c4f501612721ee5b89e216279","datavalue":{"value":"superdirect image","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$7C69DD52-C659-4EDF-B257-3F6C879FA7F5","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$04F74CAA-8273-4704-AD0A-EEC760B92B64","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"af52a3ec03d307c78ff63c421d042fc53cf39740","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0114(94)90288-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$53C4ECDC-175A-43B7-89C0-74DFBEF5288E","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d83538a3580e3eac5e2f9e2f492c6cce4dfcbf25","datavalue":{"value":"W2003571395","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$D26FFA65-1335-4A40-8617-06AFD0FA9C2D","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6b00a92b4e0f4a6f2c10346ae58f94938b1b4077","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5522002,"id":"Q5522002"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$E5CE28AE-34A9-4EE5-898A-5E0C888885E0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e83ffc0a6ed6b8d41c658de2d6ae9116ddc903ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1187436,"id":"Q1187436"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$2671F6B4-3B07-4A29-982D-7571F5FD03AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"eb5d56b8b9f82b44a1eda4f6f547c569536fec1b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3675146,"id":"Q3675146"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$8ADD0113-134D-4CB8-9FFE-BE2CFD040BBB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"23b008c640b2d8061e30defcaaf98e0ace1773df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5339289,"id":"Q5339289"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$817A7EDC-F610-4398-BA31-B00FA08B41F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5c3f63bfa85c45df0ff605f48c9475b0e5306bc7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":759001,"id":"Q759001"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$2D510C84-C3B1-4486-B10B-BF44C1DA6FB9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"76a9e3a92407bb65408b4fb9c442930b11c85154","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1764603,"id":"Q1764603"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$9536D8A5-064A-4691-8DDA-06DF45955C1E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6cf7cbe34cfb367137822481582aebc460dd525a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1187462,"id":"Q1187462"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$89700868-1D74-480F-A422-A554996AB046","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a54b9e308c7141029e5e3f531ea2cf0f5ed21631","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1214924,"id":"Q1214924"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$726DA6F0-648B-4FE8-A707-57864D864B65","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"76e0a46b176fd9fba4286d9ebe96b8557fa07c2d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3738593,"id":"Q3738593"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896281$A7F540E5-B722-4B56-8C0D-294B569902CC","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a28a9d9c1ca962bdca9778db58625792413281b3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5322649,"id":"Q5322649"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"432e96316a7bf2bc320a6f221995f5c8d240b800","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7957724928855896","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1896281$9E26056D-443A-4DA9-B3F7-94A3C0942B64","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"58d345660150fea95bd6f424654747017ef5dc0a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":903644,"id":"Q903644"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0becfed6d6af01f9df4244aac3721d73a6f8f614","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7820051312446594","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1896281$32756BF6-DBFF-42C3-82A1-AA9CAD346DDB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6096d29cf1ae1bb2946254c61aaef4858dd1f89c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3172092,"id":"Q3172092"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e2bf094708cd346cac98af4079c4c8098f75440a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7696270942687988","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1896281$18B3DCAD-1DF5-45DE-AFD4-AA2EA3CED660","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0dfd2070b8287d217c386981f37b74cbd368e529","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2488636,"id":"Q2488636"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7c6265bc7a041d8ba055b303986e219a47f35bf6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7672345638275146","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1896281$E2FF2E2A-8455-4A5F-8CD6-15E07FBA50C3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c535a300cfb172833dd8a8d6c6921d276a91fc3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4448570,"id":"Q4448570"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8e4040b5cdbbcc00c307e68ac425a62eff3f2e7e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7655187845230103","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1896281$B61130D4-BC69-4DD5-B217-9312FFB94093","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1896281","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1896281"}}}}}