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Such singularities can be transformed to the form  \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\dot x & = y, \\\\ \\dot y & = z, \\\\ \\dot z & = a_{11} x^2 + a_{12} xy + a_{13} xz + a_{22} y^2 + a_3 x^3 + \\text{ other cubic terms } + \\dots \\end{aligned} \\]  The authors assume \\(a_{11} = 0\\), so the singularity is of codimension 4. They study generic unfoldings of such singularities by means of a blowup of the spatial variables and the parameters that is reminiscent of the one used to study the Takens-Bogdanov bifurcation. The blown up vector field, with parameters \\((\\sigma_1, \\varepsilon, \\sigma_3, \\sigma_4)\\), has the form  \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\dot x & = y + o (\\varepsilon) \\\\ \\dot y & = z + x - {1 \\over 2} x^2 + o (\\varepsilon) \\\\ \\dot z & = \\sigma_1 x - z + \\sigma_3 z + \\sigma_4 x^2 + O (\\varepsilon) \\end{aligned} \\]  When \\((\\sigma_1, \\varepsilon, \\sigma_3, \\sigma_4) = (0,0,0,0) \\), the origin is a hyperbolic equilibrium with eigenvalues \\(-1,-1\\), \\(1\\), and a homoclinic orbit (the curve \\(x^2 - y^2 - {x^3 \\over 3} = 0\\) in the plane \\(z = 0)\\). By using a variation of Melnikov's method, the authors show that the homoclinic orbit persists in a region of \\((\\sigma_1, \\varepsilon, \\sigma_3, \\sigma_4)\\) space where the eigenvalues of the equilibrium at the origin become \\(- \\rho \\pm i \\omega\\) and \\(\\nu\\) with \\(o < \\rho < \\nu\\). By a well-known result of L. P. 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