{"entities":{"Q1896961":{"pageid":1907703,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1896961","lastrevid":71100477,"modified":"2026-04-13T19:28:37Z","type":"item","id":"Q1896961","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Singularities of wave fronts at the boundary between two media"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 795621"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$8A3E1A9A-E264-4070-B513-9282583D65D3","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"88bfd6c68c52fceb817617e20148378f0e48961d","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Singularities of wave fronts at the boundary between two media","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$8939495C-C08C-4A1B-833A-E37B1CCAF54A","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"3569460f27a621d509bcc47c172560dad2a87777","datavalue":{"value":"0837.58021","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$0DB8527F-342E-4625-BAFE-7DC3077A26D2","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"dc895dda82bb6bd7f5acaff1adba5ce4188ee0c4","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF01076503","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$93E4473A-FC14-4D7A-ADD2-F6D8B79F5FBF","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0f7752d8b8e5aa3e3076642d6370874812fe6356","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1264737,"id":"Q1264737"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$1AB92FB7-0745-4FBE-B604-6D9057F59AE0","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"436cfef07844490bebe6b027da7454c874b2ae71","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1995-09-27T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$5E28BE7F-F756-401E-A39C-53D9F4CFA894","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c60c35bdcd2c808f3aa433a6f37d5f194139a8f5","datavalue":{"value":"This paper is in substance an abstract of the authors's more extensive work [Algebra Anal. 5, No. 4, 149-169 (1993; Zbl 0799.58011)]. This abstract contains basic notations and definitions from contact geometry, which are used in the description of wave fronts and caustics. When a system of optical rays normal to the initial wave front passes through the smooth boundary between two media, a caustic arises at the point of complete reflection and the refracted wave front becomes singular. The typical singularities of such fronts are studied.   Let us consider the propagation of a two-dimensional front in three- dimensional space, which is divided by a smooth surface \\(\\mathcal S\\) onto two homogeneous and isotropic media. The author proves that for generic initial front and boundary \\(\\mathcal S\\), the wave front at a typical time in some neighborhood of the complete reflection point is diffeomorphic with the discriminant of some cubic polynomial.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$F6DF73EC-26CC-4F0B-AE78-8F5669320BAF","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a654126712093b09876f3d523ec6f142290795d2","datavalue":{"value":"37G99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$7B2F2E04-BFE4-4227-BB35-8D7B7A423429","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a87ee1b3ee1400b2ebbe982899c03ff33daab4de","datavalue":{"value":"37G05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$63555266-C71D-4E66-9C95-833D21F73A0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e8bc3c38ae8fcc09b47d11d733aa80350e64e22d","datavalue":{"value":"70H20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$6E97D649-162F-4887-88F8-DF81E98FC2D8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"eacfbe84063e034dfceb64d16006aa37b40ff349","datavalue":{"value":"78A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$60777F89-855B-426A-A54E-296C27DA12DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8cc07cbac6d991c8e7b3a0fa16c78676ef21db37","datavalue":{"value":"78A97","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$1070A500-1038-4DF2-B1F3-4EA62FB713B6","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"06340939782a5ef8375d80e0de55ad81b8ae64a0","datavalue":{"value":"795621","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$057E7D69-0CED-4C0B-A54E-2F2116BC8B44","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"beb569976a1bafab0a5361d674cbbd3fd5e0aa5e","datavalue":{"value":"contact manifold","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$A33AC1C6-D868-4252-B4E8-E177C63C15C5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e00678379e470b2b22715a650de9374e66908bde","datavalue":{"value":"Legendre manifold","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$3E9FA726-4D89-44BE-9FF9-E5788660E126","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7dd06356e37adaf9e58284a5606844dc78b30811","datavalue":{"value":"envelope","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$68E2C609-C10F-4333-BEEF-20B25483943E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d336214f4f974b051a7d58324a69fb6ddaff011e","datavalue":{"value":"generating family","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$96B3DE29-B2E7-48BF-BA77-7E0633EFBA8D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"23ef96edfd8ebe06db3172718ccbdbf35fc7aa4e","datavalue":{"value":"wave fronts","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$D9762225-FC35-4EF1-99A3-CFA12B49EF2C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b9572295578fbb6506b890cac45451d8e8ae37a1","datavalue":{"value":"caustics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$0A0457CB-1DEA-4408-90F3-9C676675A83E","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"32296dec705da8ffff0d8fe6da34bef612137402","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":588431,"id":"Q588431"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$49C2C0EB-6F7F-4660-902B-9B936AB5484E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$025E352D-279C-4CDD-BBC6-E6B7175910EC","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"8b40cba1d70e506d2faae0a5fb5148d6e5081d95","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01076503","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$C26D15D4-0BB0-4153-ABAF-90943A483D2C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"13184da9964328aba847221f67cf5deae86895b4","datavalue":{"value":"W3008660124","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$9968B505-3818-4940-834A-AADA44A289F4","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"11ee1b43b06806e961be810a1c10c587466650ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4183670,"id":"Q4183670"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1896961$398CE261-CCB5-4A06-996A-9AB460DFFA1F","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"44f35eeb1e082a698c6ed674d2a002196323559d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4880682,"id":"Q4880682"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ffad55c7bcaedc76f8a3e12a1ade1792a3e0a86a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8476614952087402","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1896961$1A063C30-CEED-4CDD-A628-60CA6BC4C523","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9122016dc11482b8ec0f8667c56083f9f2619e77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3769293,"id":"Q3769293"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ffad55c7bcaedc76f8a3e12a1ade1792a3e0a86a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8476614952087402","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1896961$5ED71AEE-6D0E-4AB0-8D80-D3DCFD4B9FB1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aaec55c8b3bfdefb4c35d76d4bd257486f5b8402","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4308151,"id":"Q4308151"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6417b38818e23faea87dbef0e557926f79cd5361","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8089392185211182","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1896961$4D8BEFE6-5479-4329-AE81-DEF816FF0ABC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d8d9c9ecc2cc4858d5778d1db19ed6667419a414","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4308072,"id":"Q4308072"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"687d38db02db5814bea6e976e4f6d9056a3ea2f0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8032187819480896","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1896961$2FBB0BE2-3C55-43B6-B9C7-BA4DA16F1C24","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"63d366ac698233eed2706d608006bbdf09c1384f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3123460,"id":"Q3123460"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"687d38db02db5814bea6e976e4f6d9056a3ea2f0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8032187819480896","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1896961$D98E3F67-BC80-4D0B-ADBD-273263A4BE08","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Singularities of wave fronts at the boundary between two media","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Singularities_of_wave_fronts_at_the_boundary_between_two_media"}}}}}