{"entities":{"Q1900245":{"pageid":1910987,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1900245","lastrevid":73722999,"modified":"2026-04-14T17:02:33Z","type":"item","id":"Q1900245","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On \\(S\\)-duality in abelian gauge theory"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 810911"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$499067F3-5D44-4514-BB54-F42E41669B47","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"594d3c38bf02ac5cd2c34503057cda4970c47e89","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On \\(S\\)-duality in abelian gauge theory","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$84A61E2F-18AB-4B41-8B47-C3D0D2D9DF6E","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"edd3440596d45beffdc81fe3aeb36126411966bf","datavalue":{"value":"0833.53024","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$052FA4D6-A08A-4B70-AF99-4A7C62103635","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"7b8db46065ae293e6736008b37233e76c241f8b4","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF01671570","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$4879C35D-562E-484C-B115-AC24DEF4090E","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"cdc772acdecaaa370d8d13384dbe99593478d7e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":173625,"id":"Q173625"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$317795A9-4F96-4EB1-BEB1-26D7EDDC067A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"3da5740e8a0078651a07b58d85e873b362b3e452","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1996-03-11T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$DBA9351A-037D-4E31-A9E4-C299DE8DF628","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f129b26004ab0c3eeff9674dc21c97bfb0210639","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9505186","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$8735BA13-1ABB-4156-8922-1C2184B4417E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"b258863f8743e9e8f164072eb1515d0aaa5ffc9c","datavalue":{"value":"The author establishes electro-magnetic duality for abelian gauge theory on a Riemannian 4-manifold \\(X\\) and discusses some generalization of the theory to the non-abelian case.    The theory is defined by the action  \\[ \\begin{aligned} I&= 1/8\\pi \\int_X (4\\pi/ g^2\\langle F,F \\rangle+ i\\theta/ 4\\pi\\langle F,*F \\rangle)\\;d \\text{ vol}\\\\ &=i/8\\pi \\int_X (\\tau \\langle F^+, F^+ \\rangle- \\langle F^-, F^-\\rangle)\\;d \\text{ vol},\\end{aligned} \\]  where \\(F\\) is the curvature of a connection \\(A\\) on a line bundle \\(L\\) over \\(X\\); \\(F^+\\), \\(F^-\\) are selfdual and anti-selfdual parts of \\(F\\); \\(g\\), \\(\\theta\\) are parameters of the theory (theta angle and gauge coupling constant) and \\(\\tau= \\theta/ 2\\pi+ 4\\pi i/ g^2\\).    The duality means that the partition function \\(Z(\\tau)\\) is a modular form: it is periodic \\(\\text{mod } 1\\) if \\(X\\) is spin manifold or \\(\\text{mod } 2\\) in the opposite case and satisfies the relation  \\[ Z(-1/ \\tau)= \\tau^u\\overline\\tau^v Z(\\tau), \\]  where \\((u,v)= ((\\chi+ \\sigma)/4\\), \\((\\chi- \\sigma) /4)\\), \\(\\chi\\), \\(\\sigma\\) the Euler characteristic and the signature of \\(X\\), respectively.    Using the embedding of SO(2) into SU(2) and SO(3), the author derives from this duality some properties of non-abelian gauge theory on a 4- manifold with structure group SU(2) and SO(3). A new physical field is introduced and its relations with Donaldson invariants of 4-manifolds with \\(b^+_2\\leq 1\\) are discussed. The dependence of Donaldson invariants on the second Stiefel-Whitney class are analysed.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$BBD8CF74-3C3D-44EF-AE75-ABD5870AC0F8","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5d52e74c0faaff7190dd3721f4b737a99e494f28","datavalue":{"value":"53C07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$1B321EA3-AE66-4359-ABE6-E3FC80B808C4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"32d56ea55f39becfe87a19bed509ca024b6af5f5","datavalue":{"value":"81T13","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$323104FA-FE47-4C58-8053-1DB6A1FE6E49","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"57a265399e10d3e30b7b5779c495d2361379dca8","datavalue":{"value":"81V10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$E63CEA47-FA4E-4FB4-BD56-BABBE067A6BB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"31e9073a7cdd4fcbb21071c8d1c20700829fe049","datavalue":{"value":"53Z05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$602519CA-7D81-4EB6-A7FF-A0A3420B113D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"39da2b8a197e44f71a02fab124f5928c11ba4041","datavalue":{"value":"810911","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$A0AA1F4E-FAF9-42B5-982E-A8E99C55DDD3","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7920c6f6e58e8c6075cae2a4f944cc5335dd6ea9","datavalue":{"value":"Yang-Mills fields","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$6AB6B94B-EA26-4E17-8B1C-27802F92C5C8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7afdbd866340ce1f37e4f31fa1a094000816a9f3","datavalue":{"value":"electro-magnetic duality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$8A61826C-30E1-4CE4-84F5-D88F88D1A57C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a806fad6727e0abe069433d17d1ce74db50259d5","datavalue":{"value":"gauge theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$68671627-B22F-408B-8741-446797DC36B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d630833051b555efd2a29415652c1194d5c1f50c","datavalue":{"value":"Donaldson invariants of 4-manifolds","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$AFBF0CFA-F3E9-42D1-9680-85297BFDE466","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"cf63f0e5b4fbb39260555d98bd58da711182ec3a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":931308,"id":"Q931308"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$CD78FD19-B93A-4341-B2AE-59049AB65649","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$3B3651B1-B0E1-4C09-BF42-F5FE28066CF6","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a3fda41e1f4d8a9503b868e5835f5ba497c5f713","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1571374,"id":"Q1571374"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$0F49A176-8DDF-4834-BB1C-5253592AA100","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ae1ed0a00d6e078b9fe7be9ecdfec241f6ce0c97","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3829301,"id":"Q3829301"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$A44275A0-416A-4230-9B8D-31063003CC56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cdf26faa03c248b4718ec7e14c473a452e406390","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1571386,"id":"Q1571386"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$C5EAC820-3C32-4C69-9BFB-34258576429C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"df1cb644952f995bd09fdb5110161d2d8ed9cc9c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1967507,"id":"Q1967507"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$ED7B6FD4-0CBB-4D2C-8E97-A05BFD00B1B5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7b632649a15fa365182c36630cad3cb880e79023","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1897747,"id":"Q1897747"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$8983E626-8D6B-4A58-8E06-08C54C34D884","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9e874fcfabe7a4d7c2cf4d43a700e5d10141a6b2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3998602,"id":"Q3998602"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$EC244ECF-7E09-47D3-91B5-AE10F251B0F0","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"e89c091fe12ff3165e191f3aaac4ecf7e0333db5","datavalue":{"value":"W2031170322","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$42663F82-1DF7-4497-B1BE-ADC9BB8F7F20","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7d9f63d72776d14bbe0a916ba6d83127f621328e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6482746,"id":"Q6482746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1900245$74D2DD7B-438B-45D8-B3B8-FB23F219780A","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"134252097e523105aa72da2092e0f11d4ba43c58","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5940450,"id":"Q5940450"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5089f7d9817a6f76a84a8e534fa5a34acb3e823e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8464547991752625","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1900245$226AD2D0-C8F5-41A4-A81E-B427F4086E9A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4deb67a1171cbcc7eddcea18b1e4f02c651d81fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":627218,"id":"Q627218"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8a7715956bbe1b364804978a93cbef8cae7faa8d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8142907619476318","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1900245$D97973FE-D10C-4CD8-81C7-FD63D19394C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"54b7db6ebb90c3fe320509fe3875d0ebe77edf1d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1901231,"id":"Q1901231"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4eda19ae751c9f8c7ff5e27085b596bd8345d64a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8088535070419312","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1900245$478114F3-97CD-4FB0-8BB4-3D0DFA9DDA8E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2d16a066d24f9e4a43ff0ac09315c3dffed2a0cc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1423650,"id":"Q1423650"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"63a71433fb10b830264de256b8c54a5c153239c3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.807222306728363","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1900245$1CA61930-5419-4509-A90D-58046145EF19","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"73b28708b46286f9d4d7546f901f6bbe620c9f7a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2635495,"id":"Q2635495"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"62572d21cfc28ca7e6d30d1ee0f11373a07c1520","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8048263788223267","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1900245$A942CF8B-0027-4F7B-9750-2DE237F4873C","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On \\(S\\)-duality in abelian gauge theory","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_%5C(S%5C)-duality_in_abelian_gauge_theory"}}}}}