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It is assumed that the groups of units of the UFD involved may be characterized as the minimal elements with respect to a suitable pseudo-norm. It is introduced an index \\(\\text{ind}_\\tau\\) of compositions and extends a result of \\textit{H. Shapiro} on the \\(\\varphi\\)-function [Am. Math. Monthly 50, 18-30 (1943; Zbl 0061.08002)].   It is proved that the formula \\(\\text{ind}_\\tau (a\\circ b) = \\text{ind}_\\tau (a) + \\text{ind}_\\tau (b) - \\chi_L(a,b)\\) is valid for Euclidean rings, with \\(\\tau\\) a fixed function and \\(L\\) a fixed set of 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