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Given a point \\(x\\) where \\(f(x)<+\\infty\\), the set \\(\\partial_Pf(x)\\) of proximal subgradients of \\(f\\) at \\(x\\) consists of all \\(z\\) in \\(X\\) for which there exist a constant \\(\\sigma>0\\) and a neighbourhood \\(\\Omega\\) of \\(x\\) such that  \\[ f(y)-\\langle z y-x\\rangle+\\sigma|y-x|^2\\geq f(x)\\quad\\forall y\\in\\Omega. \\]  The authors present a self-contained proof of the following density property: given any point \\(x_0\\) where \\(f(x_0)<+\\infty\\) and any \\(\\varepsilon>0\\), there exists a point \\(x\\) where \\(\\partial_Pf(x)\\neq\\emptyset\\) and \\(|x-x_0|+|f(x)-f(x_0)|<\\varepsilon\\). Combining this result with certain properties of the quadratic infimal-convolution, or Moreau-Yosida approximation, they produce efficient proofs of two basic results: (i) key properties of proximal subgradients for functions of the form \\(f(x)=\\inf_{s\\in S}|x-s|\\), where \\(S\\) is a given closed subset of \\(X\\); (ii) Hilbert-space versions of the well-known variational principles of \\textit{Ch. Stegall} [Math. Ann. 236, 171-176 (1978; Zbl 0379.49008)] and \\textit{J. M. Borwein} and \\textit{D. Preiss} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 303, 517-527 (1987; Zbl 0632.49008)]. The delicacy of the density property cited above is illustrated with a construction of a continuously differentiable function \\(f\\) on \\(\\mathbb{R}\\) for which the set where \\(\\partial_Pf(x)\\neq\\emptyset\\) has measure zero and fails to contain a dense \\(G_\\delta\\), and the same is true of \\(\\partial_P(-f)(x)\\). Although many of the key facts in this paper are already known, this presentation is unique, since it derives them all from the existence of proximal subgradients on a dense 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